Bonding Theories

Bonding Theories

Molecular Bond Theory

Molecular shape and overlapping of orbitals

This interaction of atomic orbitals, which gives rise to the molecular orbitals, may also be represented in the form of an orbital (electron) energy diagram

Sigma Bond

the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. They are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbital

Pi Bond

 two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap two lobes of an orbital on another atom and this overlap occurs laterally

VSPER

 predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms

Hybridization

atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties

Bond Polarity

non polar molecules share electrons equally

Bond Polarity

polar molecules share electrons unequally

Polar Bonds

differ in electronegativity

Dipole Molecules

 atoms in a molecule have substantially different electronegativity: One atom attracts electrons more than another, becoming more negative, while the other atom becomes more positive

Intramolecular Forces

Can determine state of matter at a given temperature

Viscosity

Surface tension

Van Der Waals dispersion

The motion of the electron creates a momentary polarization (in both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds)

Dipole-Dipole

Hydrogen Bond

The strongest of the intramolecular forces

Multiple Choice

px - px overlap (perpendicular to internuclear axis) is a _______

•  $\sigma\ Bond$

   

•  $\pi\ Bond$  

Multiple Choice

s-s overlap is a _______

•  $\sigma\ Bond$

   

•  $\pi\ Bond$  

Multiple Choice

A pi bond can only result from

• overlap of two s orbitals

• side-by-side overlapped of two p orbitals

• end-to end overlapped of two p orbitals

• overlap of hybrid orbitals

Multiple Choice

According to VSEPR theory the shape of H₂S is ____

• trigonal planar
• tetrahedral
• trigonal pryamidal
• bent

Multiple Choice

According to VSEPR theory the shape of NH₃ is ____

• trigonal planar
• tetrahedral
• trigonal pryamidal
• bent

Multiple Choice

Water's boiling point is significantly elevated due to this intermolecular force.

• hydrogen bonding

• ionic bonding

• covalent bonding

Multiple Choice

The correct ranking of intermolecular forces in order of greatest to least

• dipole-dipole, Hydrogen bonding, van der Waal forces

• van der Waal forces, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole attraction

• Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole attraction, van der Waals forces

• van der waal forces, dipole-dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonding

Multiple Choice

Which of the following compounds consists of dipole molecules?

• H₂S

• CH₄

• CO₂

• N₂

Multiple Choice

What is the basis of hydrogen bond?

• Attraction forces between hydrogen atom bonded with another hydrogen atom

• Attraction forces between hydrogen atom bonded with a high electronegativity atom (F, O, N)

• Attraction forces between hydrogen atom bonded with a high electronegativity atom (F, O, N) with atom (F, O, N) of another molecule

• Attraction forces between hydrogen atom with another hydrogen atom of another molecule

Multiple Choice

Pi bonds are formed by 

• side to side overlap of s orbitals
• end to end overlap of s orbitals
• side to side overlap of p orbitals
• end to end overlap of p orbitals