Perfect Tenses

Perfect Tenses

CIS 1003

EQ: How do I use a past participle as an adjective, and to talk about what someone has done?

Repasemos: Los Participios

Let's review!

Past Participles

-ado & -ido

Past Participles

• Step 1: Start with infinitive verb (comer)

• Step 2: Is it irregular? If yes, find the irregular.

• Step 3: If your verb is regular, take off the -ar, -er, or -ir to get the stem. (comer --> com-)

• Step 4: For an -ar verb, add "-ado". For an -er/-ir verb, add "-ido".

• Step 5: If you added "-ido" and the stem ends in a vowel, add an accent so that it says "-ído" (ex: traído)

Fill in the Blank

What is the past participle for "estudiar"? (Hint: It's regular)

Fill in the Blank

What is the past participle for "cerrar"? (Hint: It's regular)

Fill in the Blank

What is the past participle for "dormir"? (Hint: It's regular)

Irregular Participles:

• Abrir: Abierto

• Decir: Dicho

• Escribir: Escrito

• Freír: Frito

• Hacer: Hecho

• Ver: Visto

Irregular Participles:

• Morir: Muerto

• Cubrir: Cubierto

• Poner: Puesto

• Romper: Roto

• Volver: Vuelto

• Imprimir: Impreso

Multiple Choice

Which of these options is the correct past participle for "ver"?

• vido

• visto

• viendo

Multiple Choice

Which of these options is the correct past participle for "hacer"?

• hecho

• haciendo

• hacido

Multiple Choice

Which of these options is the correct past participle for "escribir"?

• escribiendo

• escribido

• escrito

Multiple Choice

Should the past participle for the verb "caer" (to fall) have an accent mark?

• Sí

• No

Past Participles as Adjectives

• Sometimes used as adjectives that are temporary/changeable

• Examples of past participles as adjectives include...

• Lost items, mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs

Past Participles as Adjectives

• When used as adjectives, past participles have to agree with the noun in...

• Gender (masculine/feminine): "o" vs "a"

• Number (singular or plural): with or without the "s"

• Possible endings: -o, -a, -os, -as

Past Participles as Adjectives

• 1. Temporary description:

  Estar + past participle

• 2. Passive Voice:

  Object + ser + past participle + por + person

Multiple Choice

Which of these past participles works in the blank?

Los exámenes están _____.

• impreso

• impresa

• impresos

• impresas

Multiple Choice

Which of these past participles works in the blank?

Las lenguas indígenas son _____ por muchas personas en el mundo.

• hablado

• hablada

• hablados

• habladas

Present Perfect

In English...

• Subject + have/has + past participle

• She + has + eaten.

In Spanish:

• Subject + present conjugation of "haber" + past participle

• You've seen "hay" (there is/there are), but what are the present tense conjugations of haber?

Conjugations of "haber" in present tense:

yo he, tú has, él/ella/ud ha, nosotros hemos, vosotros habéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes han

The Present Perfect Tense

• The conjugation of "haber" refers to who has done the action.

• "I have eaten the chocolate" = conjugate "haber" for "yo" --> he

• The past participle talks about the action that has been done.

• "I have eaten the chocolate" = use the past participle of "comer" --> comido

The Present Perfect Tense

• We saw that past participles had to match in gender & number when they are used as adjectives

• However, in perfect tenses (like present perfect), past participles stay neutral

• The formula will always be:

• Conjugation of haber + past participle (masculine/singular)

Multiple Choice

Which present tense conjugation of "haber" do you need to say "She has traveled to Florida"?

• he

• has

• ha

• hemos

• han

Fill in the Blank

After the present conjugation of haber (ella = "ha"), we use a past participle. Fill in the blank below with the correct past participle.

She has traveled to Florida.

Ella ha ______ a Florida. (viajar)

Multiple Choice

Which present tense conjugation of "haber" do you need to say "They have done the homework"?

• he

• has

• ha

• hemos

• han

Fill in the Blank

After the present conjugation of haber (ellos = "han"), we use a past participle. Fill in the blank below with the correct past participle.

They have done the homework.

Ellos han ______ la tarea. (*hacer = irregular)

Multiple Choice

Which present tense conjugation of "haber" do you need to say "We have completed the project"?

• he

• has

• ha

• hemos

• han

Fill in the Blank

After the present conjugation of haber (we = "hemos"), we use a past participle. Fill in the blank below with the correct past participle.

We have completed the project.

Nosotros hemos ______ el proyecto. (completar)

¡Juntemos todo!

Let's put it all together!

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank with two words to finish the sentence. The first word should be a present tense conjugation of haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han). The second word will be a past participle.

You have slept a lot today.

Tú __ __ (haber + dormir) mucho hoy.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank with two words to finish the sentence. The first word should be a present tense conjugation of haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han). The second word will be a past participle.

David has been in university for two years.

David __ __ (haber + estar) en la universidad por dos años.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank with two words to finish the sentence. The first word should be a present tense conjugation of haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han). The second word will be a past participle.

I have taken out the trash today.

Yo __ __ (haber + sacar) la basura hoy.