Perfect Tenses

Perfect Tenses

CIS 1003

EQ: How do I use a past participle as an adjective, and to talk about what someone has done?

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Past Participles

-ado & -ido

Past Participles

• Step 1: Start with infinitive verb (comer)

• Step 2: Is it irregular? If yes, find the irregular.

• Step 3: If your verb is regular, take off the -ar, -er, or -ir to get the stem. (comer --> com-)

• Step 4: For an -ar verb, add "-ado". For an -er/-ir verb, add "-ido".

• Step 5: If you added "-ido" and the stem ends in a vowel, add an accent so that it says "-ído" (ex: traído)

Irregular Participles:

• Abrir: Abierto

• Decir: Dicho

• Escribir: Escrito

• Freír: Frito

• Hacer: Hecho

• Ver: Visto

Irregular Participles:

• Morir: Muerto

• Cubrir: Cubierto

• Poner: Puesto

• Romper: Roto

• Volver: Vuelto

• Imprimir: Impreso

Multiple Choice

Which of these options is the correct past participle for "ver"?

• vido

• visto

• viendo

Multiple Choice

Which of these options is the correct past participle for "hacer"?

• hecho

• haciendo

• hacido

Multiple Choice

Which of these options is the correct past participle for "escribir"?

• escribiendo

• escribido

• escrito

Multiple Choice

Should the past participle for the verb "caer" (to fall) have an accent mark?

• Sí

• No

Past Participles as Adjectives

• Sometimes used as adjectives that are temporary/changeable

• Examples of past participles as adjectives include...

• Lost items, mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs

Past Participles as Adjectives

• When used as adjectives, past participles have to agree with the noun in...

• Gender (masculine/feminine): "o" vs "a"

• Number (singular or plural): with or without the "s"

• Possible endings: -o, -a, -os, -as

Past Participles as Adjectives

• 1. Temporary description:

  Estar + past participle

• 2. Passive Voice:

  Object + ser + past participle + por + person

Multiple Choice

Which of these past participles works in the blank?

Los exámenes están _____.

• impreso

• impresa

• impresos

• impresas

Multiple Choice

Which of these past participles works in the blank?

Las lenguas indígenas son _____ por muchas personas en el mundo.

• hablado

• hablada

• hablados

• habladas

Present Perfect

In English...

• Subject + have/has + past participle

• She + has + eaten.

In Spanish:

• Subject + present conjugation of "haber" + past participle

• You've seen "hay" (there is/there are), but what are the present tense conjugations of haber?

Conjugations of "haber" in present tense:

yo he, tú has, él/ella/ud ha, nosotros hemos, vosotros habéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes han

The Present Perfect Tense

• The conjugation of "haber" refers to who has done the action.

• "I have eaten the chocolate" = conjugate "haber" for "yo" --> he

• The past participle talks about the action that has been done.

• "I have eaten the chocolate" = use the past participle of "comer" --> comido

The Present Perfect Tense

• We saw that past participles had to match in gender & number when they are used as adjectives

• However, in perfect tenses (like present perfect), past participles stay neutral

• The formula will always be:

• Conjugation of haber + past participle (masculine/singular)

Multiple Choice

Which present tense conjugation of "haber" do you need to say "She has traveled to Florida"?

• he

• has

• ha

• hemos

• han

Multiple Choice

Which present tense conjugation of "haber" do you need to say "They have done the homework"?

• he

• has

• ha

• hemos

• han

Multiple Choice

Which present tense conjugation of "haber" do you need to say "We have completed the project"?

• he

• has

• ha

• hemos

• han

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