Feb 3/9

Feb 3/9

For attendance- tell me one thing you are looking forward to when the lockdown/pandemic is over

Mapping

GIS: Geographical Information System

- Uses several layers and different types of information to create a 3D map showing several aspects.

Latitude and Longitude

Latitude and longitude are imaginary lines on a map that can help to give relative location.

Latitude run East and West

Longitude run North and South

If you told me you needed me to pick you up at 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees Longitude- where would I find you?

Latitude

Equator = 0

They run in the E and W direction but are labelled as S or N depending on which side of the equator they are on.

Points of interest (latitude)

23.5 N = Tropic of Cancer

23.5 S = Tropic of Capricorn

90N = North Pole

90S = South Pole

Longitude

Running South and North

Goes from 0-180 degrees (+/-)

East from Prime Meridian is -

West from Prime Meridian is +

Time Zones

Canada has 6 time zones. Time zones are based on the lines of longitude for the most part. They are based off of the UTC time zone and the Longitude line 0 which is also called the Prime Meridian.

When drawing a map we always draw North towards the top of the page

Map Scaling

Maps can have different scales depending on how zoomed out or zoomed in they are.

For example: on one map 1 inch could equal 1 mile, but if you zoom in than 1 inch would equal less than a mile.

https://youtu.be/t-ckG3ncM8E

Multiple Choice

If a map has a scale of 1 inch= 3km and I measure with my ruler, a distance on the map of 6.25 inches. How many KM is the actual distance between the two points?

• 3 km

• 6.25 km

• 18.75 km

• 10.3 km

Multiple Choice

If a map has a scale of 1 inch = 3.2km and I measure two points of interest at 2.7 inches, how many KM apart are the points of interest?

• 8.64 km

• 2.2 km

• 14.3 km

• 4.2 km

Topographic Map

Topographic maps show the elevation of the area. When lines are close together that means that the elevation is changing fast or is steep

Kahoot!

Let's review Canada's Provinces & territories and their capitals!

Layers of the Earth Lesson

Open the layers of the Earth note on Google classroom. Read it over.

Layers of the Earth

Inner Core

Outer Core

Mantle

Crust

Crust

Thin (Think of the skin on an apple)
Makes up 1% of the Earth
Broken into many pieces called plates
Plates are moved by the Magma found in the mantle below

Mantle

Largest layer

Molten rock called Magma 
The magma rises to the surface via convection currents which then pushes the plates on the crust out of the way

Outer Core

Ball of hot metals 

Outer core made up of liquid molten rock and iron which is very dense

Inner Core

Inner core is solid

Temperatures and pressures are so great that the metals are squeezed together to make a solid.

Get the worksheets in your google classroom to complete during the lesson...

Continental Drift

Continental drift is a theory proposed by Alfred Wagner.

He noticed all of the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle

When all the continents were fit together like this it was called Pangaea

Pangaea

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUwmA3Q0_OE

-Means "all lands"

Proof for Continental Drift

• All the continents seemed to fit together like a puzzle piece

• Fossils of the same species were found on both sides of the Atlantic, despite their ability to survive in the present day climate

• Geological (landform) evidence shows that similar landform features are found on both sides of the atlantic

• Africa, India and Australia all used to be covered in ice, indicating they must have moved from their present day locations

But despite this evidence, Wagner could not prove HOW the continents drifted apart...

Plate Tectonics

Then along came a guy named Tuzzo Wilson...who was able to prove HOW the continents drifted in a theory called Plate Tectonics

The Earths Crust is made up of Tectonic Plates

• Oceanic crust: crust under the oceans

• Continental crust: covers the land area and rides over the oceanic crust

How they move

Convection currents under the crusts move the plates- these currents are caused by hotter material rising and cooler material sinking.

The plates move in three basic movement patterns...

Convergent

Plates are being pushed together. One plate subducts (goes under)

3 types

Ocean to ocean

Ocean to continental

Continental to continental

Volcanoes can form and trenches/valleys

Ring of Fire

An area of subduction zones that have caused Volcanoes to appear around the coast of the Pacific Ocean

Divergent

Plates are moving away from each other as new magma is being pushed up through the surface forming new crust

Mountains/Ridges can form

Transform

2 plates are moving side by side past each other.

This causes a lot of friction and is the cause of Earth quakes.

These plate movements are how the landforms around the world have been formed and why our world is ever changing!

Earth Quakes and Tsunamis

Push 2 of the same object together with relatively equal force

Eventually one buckles- pushing one on top and one below

This is the same idea with convergent plates but when the buckling occurs it can cause a large earthquake

Because these boundaries tend to be in the ocean this effect of sudden plate movement can also cause a Tsunami

Earth Quakes and Tsunamis

-Now push 2 rough objects past each other. (this rubbing together causes friction and can cause minor earthquakes)

-Because of the rough surfaces- they sometimes catch each other

-With enough pressure, eventually one will break

-Again with this sudden movement and friction a larger earth quake can occur

Earth Quake Worksheet

Go to your google classroom and complete this worksheet by using the website at the top of the page of the worksheet.