3.2.5 Life Science Practice

3.2.5 Life Science Practice

- Six most abundant elements that make up living things

- Four major types of organic compounds made by living things

- Describe the movements of matter and energy in photosynthesis

- Describe the way in which cells break down food molecules through cellular respiration.

Plants

All the atoms found in living things originally come from inorganic compounds. These compounds are taken up by plants and used to make organic compounds, or food. The plant uses the food for growth and development.

BUILDING BLOCKS FOR PLANTS = food for animals

Photosynthesis

• Uses inorganic compounds and energy from sunlight to make organic matter.

• The atoms in inorganic compounds are rearranged to form organic compounds and oxygen.

• Light energy from the Sun is changed into chemical energy.

Multiple Select

Which TWO are REACTANTS in photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Sugar

• Water

Multiple Select

Which TWO are the PRODUCTS in photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Sugar

• Water

Multiple Choice

Plants need ________ for photosynthesis

• oxygen

• soil

• carbon dioxide

• sugar

Multiple Choice

During photosynthesis, _________ is removed from the atmosphere

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

• Water

Multiple Choice

As a result of photosynthesis, ________ is released into the atmosphere

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

• Carbon Dioxide

• Water

Multiple Choice

Chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) traps energy from sunlight and stores it as what kind of energy?

• sugar

• ATP

• light

Multiple Choice

Which one best describes the movement of energy in photosynthesis?

• Sugars are taken in as food and their stored energy is released by chlorophyll.

• Sunlight is absorbed by a plant's leaves and is converted into energy stored in sugars

• Water is taken in through a plant's roots and converted into ATP.

• Carbon dioxide is absorbed by a plant's leaves and converted into water.

Multiple Choice

What is the role of SUGAR in photosynthesis?

• Sugar molecules are used as food by plants.

• Energy splits sugar molecules into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

• Plants use oxygen to break down sugar molecules.

• Sugar molecules are made from carbon dioxide and hydrogen using the energy in ATP.

Cellular Respiration

• The process through which cells convert sugars into energy.

• Uses organic compounds and oxygen to provide cells with energy.

• Photosynthesis in the OPPOSITE direction

Cellular Respiration (in mitochondria)

• Chemical reactions in cytoplasm break down food into smaller molecules

• CO² formation - biproduct of breaking down good

• Electron Flow - electrons flow through the cell creating ATP and H₂0

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

• the breakdown of glucose to release ATP

• the breakdown of glucose to release oxygen

• the breakdown of glucose to release carbon

• the breakdown of glucose to release water

Multiple Choice

What are the two reactants of cellular respiration?

• C₆H₁₂O₆ & 6CO₂ (sugar and carbon dioxide)

• 6CO₂ & 6H₂O (carbon dioxide and water)

• C₆H₁₂O₆ & 6O₂ (sugar and oxygen)

• 6CO₂ & 6O₂ (carbon dioxide and oxygen)

Multiple Choice

Cellular Respiration's goal is to

• make water
• make ATP
• make glucose
• make  oxygen

Multiple Choice

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + Energy --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + Energy

• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Multiple Choice

What happens FIRST in CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

• The movement of small organic molecules into a mitochondrion

• The breakdown of food molecules into smaller organic molecules

• The breakdown of small organic molecules into carbon dioxide

• The formation of many molecules of ATP

Multiple Choice

Which two things happen to ENERGY during cellular respiration?

• Light energy is transferred to molecules of ATP and used to carry out life processes

• Some thermal energy is transformed into chemical energy.

• Chemical energy is transferred to molecules of ATP and used to carry out life

  processes.

• Some chemical energy is transformed into thermal energy.

Multiple Choice

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

• Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.

• Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.

• Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Multiple Select

Which THREE elements are most abundant in humans and other living things?

• Calcium

• Oxygen

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Nitrogen

Photosynthesis

• Uses inorganic compounds and energy from sunlight to make organic matter.

• The atoms in inorganic compounds are rearranged to form organic compounds and oxygen.

• Light energy from the Sun is changed into chemical energy.

Organic Compounds

Made by plants and used by plants and animals

Carbohydrates

• Made of only carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)

• Plant example: starch (i.e. corn)

• Animal example: glycogen (i.e. sugar)

• Most are large molecules made up of subunits (simple sugars)

Lipids

• Made of only carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)

• Examples: fats, oils, waxes

• Made of one glycerol molecule and 1-3 fatty acid molecules

• 
  

Proteins

• Made of Nitrogen (N), as well as C, O, H

• Each protein molecule is made up of amino acids

• 
  

Multiple Choice

How does the organic compound CARBOHYDRATE function in a cell?

• Stores energy

• Insulates and stores energy long-term

• Stores genetic information

• Forms much of the structure of cells

Multiple Choice

How do the organic compounds NUCLEIC ACIDS function in a cell?

• Stores energy

• Insulates and stores energy long-term

• Stores genetic information

• Forms much of the structure of cells