Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Inheritance and Variation

Chromosome Vocabulary

• Somatic Cells: “normal” or non-sex cells ex. Hair, skin, heart cells, 

• Gametes: sex cells (sperm/egg)

  
  

• Autosomes: “body” chromosomes

  
  

• Sex chromosomes: chromosomes that have the sex genes  

  ----But they have other genes as well

Multiple Select

What are the three reasons as why most organisms (including us) are unique? (check all that apply)

• Crossing Over

• Independent Assortment

• Asexual reproduction

• Random fertilization

Multiple Choice

Which process makes gametes (haploid cells)?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes

• produce new genes.

• are in different position

• exchange corresponding segments of DNA.

• mutate in the first division.

Multiple Choice

When independent assortment takes place, chromosomes

• produce new genes.

• are in different position

• exchange corresponding segments of DNA.

• mutate in the first division.

Multiple Choice

Life starts when haploid cells combine in the process fertilization to form a

• diploid zygote

• haploid gamete

• None of the following

• haploid zygote

Multiple Choice

When a zygote is formed what process occurs next so that the organism grows?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

When there is the checkpoints fail in interphase and in mitosis cancer happens where the cells just replicate and replicate with no control.

What do you think happens when there is an error when making gamete cells? What is the result?

Open Ended

What do you think happens when there is an error when making gamete cells? What is the result?

Chromosomal Abnormalities

If an egg or sperm gets fertilized when there is an error, it will lead to a miscarriage or defects in the baby

Results with a gamete having an extra chromosome or missing one

Open Ended

Is there any chromosomal abnormalities that you already know? If yes which ones?

Nondisjunction Disorders

• Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)

• Edwards Syndrome (trisomy 18)

• Klinefelter’s Syndrome (trisomy XXY)

• XYY Syndrome (trisomy XYY)

• XXX Syndrome (trisomy X)

• Turners Syndrome (monosomy XO)

• **Nearly all other non-disjunctions lead to death of embryo or child before adulthood!**

  
  

Multiple Choice

This would be the result of

• nondisjunction

• inversion

• deletion

• translocation

Multiple Choice

What chromosomal abnormality is this called

• monosomy

• Trisomy

• Polyploidy