Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System

Anatomy & Physiology

Mrs. Weems

Multiple Choice

Number 1:

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

• left ventricle

• Interventricular septum

Multiple Choice

Number 2:

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

• left ventricle

• Interventricular septum

Multiple Choice

Number 3:

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

• left ventricle

• Interventricular septum

Multiple Choice

Number 4:

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

• left ventricle

• Interventricular septum

Multiple Choice

Number 5:

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

• left ventricle

• Interventricular septum

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vZ0lefPg_0

You must copy & paste the link in a separate window to view.

Multiple Choice

What are heart valves?

• Sections of the heart that divide up the individual chambers.

• Flaps of heart tissue that only allow blood to flow in one direction

• Fibers within the heart that create the cardio-electric rhythm required for synchronized beating

• Openings within the heart that allow blood to enter and leave the heart. One is the Vena cava, the other is the Aorta.

Multiple Choice

What creates diastolic pressure when the heart contracts?

• Blood moving from the atria into the ventricles.

• Blood moving from the ventricles out of the heart.

Multiple Choice

What creates systolic pressure when the heart contracts?

• Blood moving from the atria into the ventricles.

• Blood moving from the ventricles out of the heart.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following valves are considered to be AV valves?

• pulmonary valves

• aortic valves

• semilunar valves

• tricuspid & mitral valves

Multiple Choice

What holds valves within the heart in place?

• Chordae Tendonae

• Purkinje Fibers

• The Septum

• Nothing - the valves are connected directly to the heart tissue.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is correct?

• The lub sound from a heartbeat comes from semilunar valves closing and the dup sound comes from AV valves closing.

• The lub sound from a heartbeat comes from AV valves closing and the dup sound comes from semilunar valves closing.

Poll

The aorta carries ____________ blood from the left ventricle to upper & lower body

• oxygenated

• deoxygenated

Poll

Pulmonary arteries (L & R): carry _________________ blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

• oxygenated

• deoxygenated

Poll

The Vena cava (superior & inferior): carries _________________ blood from the upper & lower body into the right atrium.

• oxygenated

• deoxygenated

Poll

Pulmonary veins (2 pairs, L & R): carry _________________ blood from lungs into the left atrium.

• oxygenated

• deoxygenated

What Happens During a Heart Attack?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_PYnWVoUzM

You must copy/paste the link into a separate window to play.

Can you spot the blockage?

Multiple Choice

Which coronary artery exhibits a blockage in the top photo of this arteriogram?

• Right Coronary Artery

• Left Coronary Artery

• Great Coronary Vein

• There is no blockage - this is a trick question.

What is the Heart Conduction System & How Does it Work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZT9vlbL2uA

You must copy & paste the link in a separate window to view.

Multiple Choice

Which part of the Heart Conduction System is considered "the pacemaker?"

• Purkinje Fibers

• Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

• Sinoatrial (SA) Node

• Atrioventricular (AV) Node

• Left & Right Bundle Branches

Multiple Choice

Which part of the Heart Conduction System delays contraction of the ventricles until they fill up fully with blood?

• Purkinje Fibers

• Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

• Sinoatrial (SA) Node

• Atrioventricular (AV) Node

• Left & Right Bundle Branches

Multiple Choice

Which part of the Heart Conduction System carries the electrical impulse to the apex of the heart?

• Purkinje Fibers

• Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

• Sinoatrial (SA) Node

• Atrioventricular (AV) Node

• Left & Right Bundle Branches

Multiple Choice

Which part of the Heart Conduction System carries the electrical impulse to the left and right ventricles?

• Purkinje Fibers

• Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

• Sinoatrial (SA) Node

• Atrioventricular (AV) Node

• Left & Right Bundle Branches

Multiple Choice

Which part of the Heart Conduction System carries the electrical impulse back up toward the atria?

• Purkinje Fibers

• Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

• Sinoatrial (SA) Node

• Atrioventricular (AV) Node

• Left & Right Bundle Branches

Open Ended

Cardiac Output varies with the demands of the body.

Provide at least 3 examples of reasons cardiac output may vary (increase or decrease).

Multiple Choice

How long does it take a red-blood-cell to travel round-trip through the body by systemic circulation?

(This is called Cardiac Output)

• 1 hour

• 1 second

• 1 minute

• 10 minutes

• 10 seconds

Calculating Cardiac Output & Stroke Volume

Yay...math.

Open Ended

Determine your "at rest" heart rate, and then extrapolate to beats per hour and beyond.

Your age: _________________

Number of beats in 15 seconds: _____________

Multiply by 4 to get number of beats per minute: _____________

Multiply your answer for per minute by 60 to get per hour: ________

How many beats would there be per year? ___________________

If your heart beat stayed constant how many beats would there be at 85 years old?

_________________________________________________________

Open Ended

To calculate cardiac output, you need to know your body surface area in square meters and your cardiac index (how much blood is pumped per minute for every square meter of body surface area).

To find your body's surface area, first use a conversion tool (Google) to determine your weight in kilograms and your height in centimeters.

1. Weight =___________ (kilos) Height = ______________ (cm)

On a nomogram, find your weight in the right column and your height in the left column.

Place a straight-edge on the nomogram so the weight and height are connected. The point where the straight-edge crosses the center column denotes your body's surface area in square meters.

2. What does the nomogram denote your body’s surface is? _______

Open Ended

How much blood the heart pumps for every square meter of surface area (cardiac index) varies with the age of the individual. For teens and adults, the average cardiac index is 2.5 - 4.0 liters/m2/minute.

We will use 2.75 liters/m2/minute for our measurement.

Multiply your body surface area by the cardiac index (2.75 l/m2/minute) to determine the liters of blood pumped by your heart in one minute (cardiac output).

1. Body surface area _____________ x 2.751/m²/minute = ___________liters per minute.

2. How does your volume per minute compare to a 2 liter beverage bottle? Is it more, less, about the same?

________________________________________________________

3. How much blood is pumped in an hour? In one day? ____________

Open Ended

How much blood does your heart pump in one beat?

This volume is called stroke volume.

How would you calculate stroke volume? (Answer: liters pumped per minute divided by beats per minute).

1. What is your stroke volume? _______________

2. Convert the stroke volume to milliliters.

_______liters per minute x 1000 = ____________ml per beat.

Make sure you KNOW how to calculate cardiac output and stroke volume.

(Formulas will be provided.)