Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Review

What would you be like if you didn’t have any bones? You’d be a soft sack of skin and organs. You would puddle up on the ground. A skeleton of bones holds your body together. All 206 bones in your body have a job. Your skeletal system gives your body shape. It protects your organs. It also lets you to move.  

FAST FACT: Your bones grow until you’re twenty-five years old.  

Open Ended

According to the first paragraph of the text, how do your bones help your body?

Bones & Muscles

Your skeleton helps your body move. Bones can’t stretch or bend on their own. The parts around them help them move a little bit, though. Your bones are covered by muscles. Muscles are attached to your bones by tendons. Tendons are like elastic bands. They let your

muscles move away from your bones and then back again. Flexible bands called joints connect each bone. Joints let your bones move back and forth.

FAST FACT: When you break a bone, your body can rebuild it. Bones are made of cells. When a bone is broken, extra cells are made. The extra cells cover each end of the broken bone. Eventually, the bone will close back up.

Poll

Have you ever broken a bone before??

• Yes

• No

Types of Bones

There are four types of bones. Long bones make up bigger body parts. Your arms and legs are long bones. Short bones are found in places like your hands and feet. Flat bones are flat. They make up body parts like your skull and ribs. Sesamoid bones cover strangely shaped places. Your kneecap and the ball of your foot are two examples of this type of bone.

Multiple Choice

Which type of bone covers up strangely shaped places?

• Long Bones

• Sesamoid Bones

• Short Bones

• Flat Bones

Bones Have a Job!

Your skull, your spine, and your rib cage are three very important bones. They protect important organs. Your skull protects your brain. It also shapes your face. Your spine has 26 bones. It lets you stand, sit, and turn your body. Your rib cage protects your lungs, heart, and other organs. Your rib cage is made up of twelve ribs. Your ribs attach to your spine.

FAST FACT: The smallest bone in your body is the stirrup bone. It is located inside your ear. The longest bone in your body is the femur. It is a leg bone that connects your hip to your knee.

Multiple Choice

The longest bone in your body is the _____________

• scapula

• humerus

• femur

• clavicle

Muscular System

Your body has over 600 muscles in it. Most of the actions you’re able to do would not be possible without each of these muscles. Luckily, you don’t have to know all of their names. You don’t have to tell your brain the names of the muscles to get them to move. Your brain does it all for you. Your muscular system lets your body move! It also powers many of the other systems inside your body. 

Connections

Your muscles don’t just float around your body. They are connected to bones by  tendons. Tendons are like elastic bands. All of your muscles are made of fibers. Fibers are long  cells that are packed into bundles. Bigger muscles have more fiber bundles. Smaller muscles  have less fiber bundles. Nerve cells can be found in the fiber bundles. These cells carry messages back and forth to your brain about your body’s movements. Blood vessels are  woven throughout your muscles, too. They give your muscles energy to move

Multiple Choice

What cells carry messages back and forth to your brain?

• stem cells

• muscle cells

• nerve cells

• fat cells

How Muscles Work

Muscles work by expanding and contracting. Expanding means to stretch out.  Contracting means to shrink back in. When muscles expand or relax, the fiber bundles slide  apart. This makes the muscle longer. When muscles contract, the fibers slide together. They form a stacked shape. Every muscle works in a pair with a partner. When one muscle contracts, the other will relax.

Multiple Select

Muscles work by:

(click 2 answers)

• contracting

• pulling

• expanding

• pushing

• moving

Types of Muscles

There are three types of muscles. Skeletal muscles allow your body to move, and they  also give you power and strength. Skeletal muscles cover bones all over your body. They help  you control your movements. Smooth muscles are layered muscles that are totally controlled  by your brain. They control organs in your body like your lungs. Cardiac muscles are in your heart. They work to pump blood around your body.  Smooth and cardiac muscles are  called involuntary muscles. Your body keeps  them moving without you having to tell it to. For example, involuntary muscles control your  

breathing and heart beating. Skeletal muscles are called voluntary muscles. You have to tell  them what to do. For example, voluntary muscles allow you to run and jump. 

Open Ended

Explain the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles.

Multiple Choice

_______________ muscles allow your body to move, give you power and strength and cover bones all over your body.

• smooth

• cardiac

• skeletal

Multiple Choice

_________________muscles are layered muscles that are totally controlled by your brain. They control organs in your body like your lungs.

• smooth

• cardiac

• skeletal

Multiple Choice

_______________ muscles are in your heart. They work to pump blood around your body.

• smooth

• cardiac

• skeletal

Poll

Was this a fun way to review the Muscular and Skeletal Systems?

• Yes - I loved it!

• No - I did not enjoy this at all.