Covalent Compounds

Chemical Bonds

Ionic and Covalent

Ionic Bond

• Metal + Nonmetal

• + and -

• Transfer electrons

• Attraction of opposite charges

• Binary and Polyatomic

Multiple Choice

The ending -ite or -ate in the name of a compound usually means a polyatomic ions is part of the formula.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

The correct name of: FeS

• Iron Sulfide

• Iron (II) Sulfide

• Iron (III) Sulfide

• Iron Sulfide (II)

Multiple Choice

Which element IS a non-metal?

• Sulfur

• Copper

• Potassium

• Sodium

Covalent Bond

• Nonmetal + Nonmetal

• Atoms SHARE electrons to fill incomplete shells

• Form molecules: an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together

Multiple Choice

Which compound below is only made up of non-metals?

• N2O2

• LiOH

• NaCl

• HMnO₄

Polar vs Non-polar Covalent Bonds

• Polar Covalent: The electrons are shared UNEQUALLY between the atoms

• Non-Polar: The electrons are shared EQUALLY between the atoms

ð- partial charges ð+

Diatomic Molecules

• There are 7 elements that exist naturally as diatomic elements

• 2 Atoms bonded together

Diatomic molecules in your daily life

• Air

• Stars (H₂)

• Sea food (I₂)

• Toothpaste (F₂)

Multiple Choice

Which of the elements below is NOT a diatomic molecule?

• Hydrogen

• Chlorine

• Nitrogen

• Helium

Nomenclature Covalent Compounds

2 different nonmetals bond together

Prefixes

• Used in front of the name

• Only COVALENT COMPOUNDS use prefixes

• Specify how many atoms of each element are present

• NEVER SIMPLIFY

Naming Rules- covalent compounds

• Rule 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal

• Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first nonmetal.  Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.

• Example: CO2 is carbon dioxide, and NOT monocarbon dioxide.

• Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. 

• Example: CO is carbon monoxide, and NOT carbon monooxide.

• Rule 3: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide

• Example: CO is carbon monoxide, and NOT carbon monoxygen.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the following compound: NO₂?

• nitrogen dioxide

• monitrogen dioxide

• nitrogen dioxygen

Fill in the Blank

What is the name of the following compound: CS₂?

Fill in the Blank

What is the name of the following compound: N₂Cl₄?

Fill in the Blank

What is the name of the following compound: PBr₅?

Formula Rules- covalent compounds

• Rule 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix

• Rule 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix

• Example: 

• carbon monoxide is CO

• dinitrogen tetrafluoride is N2F4

QUESTIONS UNTIL HERE?

• Let's practice

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for disulfur hexafluoride?

• SF

• S₂F₆

• S₂F

• S₆F₂

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for iodine heptafluoride?

• IF₅

• IF₄

• IF₆

• IF₇

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for the compound dinitrogen monoxide?

• NO

• N₂O

• NO₂

• N₂O₂

Approaches to Learning Skills

• Remember we always use them during class and activities

• Which Skill we focus on today?

• Answer in the next slide as an Exit ticket

Open Ended

Name the ATL skill

(Thinking, Self-management, Communication, Social, Research)