Organic molecules - Alkanes

Organic molecules - Alkanes

Success Criteria:

- I know what Alkanes are.

- I can list and draw the first 10 Alkane molecules.

- I can draw the Lewis structure, structural and condensed formulae of the first 10 Alkanes.

Organic Compounds

- Compounds of primarily Carbon and Hydrogen atoms.

- Hydrocarbons (compounds of exclusively Carbon and Hydrogen) are the simplest of all organic compounds.

Multiple Choice

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain

• Carbon, only

• Carbon and Hydrogen, only

• Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen, only

• Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen, only

Hydrocarbons

- Smallest hydrocarbon: Methane CH₄

Alkanes

A particular type of Hydrocarbon with NO double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2

Multiple Choice

General formula of Alkane is

• C_nH_2n+1OH

• C_nH_2n+1COOH

• C_nH_2n+2

• C_nH_2n

Structure of the smallest alkanes: a homologous series

Multiple Choice

How many carbon atoms are in propane?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many hydrogen atoms are in butane?

• 4

• 6

• 8

• 10

Different types of formulae:

The molecular formula: the number of each atom present in the molecule (CnH2n+2)

The semistructural/condensed formula: shows how the atoms are bonded to each carbon atom.

The structural formula: arrangement of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

State the Molecular formula, Condensed formula and Structural formula for Alkanes 5 - 10.

• Pentane (C5H12)

• Hexane (C6H14)

• Heptane

• Octane

• Nonane

• Decane

Multiple Choice

Give the name of this compound...

C₃H_8?

• Pentane

• Hexane

• Propane

• Butane

Multiple Choice

The molecular formula for Heptane is..

• C₄H₁₀

• C₅H₁₂

• C₈H₁₈

• C₇H₁₆

Alkanes from Methane to Butane are all gases (found in natural gases) at room temperature.

Heavier Alkanes from Pentane to Decane are liquids at room temperature.

All Alkanes are Non-polar - Dispersion forces hold these molecules together.