3rd Quarter Review

3rd Quarter Review

Heat Transfer

•  Convection- when heat is transferred in a circular motion due to heat rising and cooler materials dropping

  o   Examples: boiling water,  a heater heating up the room 

• Conduction- When heat transfers due to direct contact. When you have to touch something for the heat to transfer.

  o   Examples: a pot touching the burner on the stove, a spoon in a hot chocolate cup, curling iron

• Radiation- When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves. No contact is necessary for heat to be transferred through radiation.

  o   Examples: roasting a marshmallow, warming up by the fire, getting a tan at the beach

Multiple Choice

What heat transfer method gives plants the energy they need for photosynthesis to take place?

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• glucose

Multiple Choice

Water at the bottom of the pot takes in heat from the stove burner and moves upwards taking the heat with it. What kind of heat transfer is this?

• conduction

• radiation

• convection

Multiple Choice

A metal spoon is placed in a hot drink and the handle becomes warm. This heat

transfer would be -

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Temperature/Heat

• Heat always moves from HOT to COLD.

• Temperature- the amount of KINETIC ENERGY a substance has

States of Matter:

• There is EMPTY SPACE between all particles of matter; however, air has the largest amount of empty space, making it compressible.

• All matter has Kinetic Energy- meaning it is always moving. Matter has more Kinetic Energy when it is warmed up and less kinetic energy when it is cooled off.

Multiple Select

Compare the particles in the sample of liquid water and the particles in a sample of solid water(ice).

• Particles in the liquid are smaller that the particles in the solids.

• Particles in the liquid move past each other, and the particles in the solid cannot.

• Particles in the liquid are less firm than the partilcles in the solid.

• Particles in liquid are moving, and the particles in the solid are not moving.

Multiple Choice

Compress means to __________.

• flatten by pressure
• increase temperature
• melt
• decrease mass

Multiple Choice

Gases __________.

• have a fixed shape
• are easily compressed
• have particles that do not flow easily
• have a definite volume

Multiple Choice

Solids __________.

• take the shape of their container
• have a fixed shape
• are compressible
• have particles that flow easily

Atomic Theory:

• Dalton- Saw the atom as a solid sphere that made up all things- marble or pool ball model

• Thomson- Said that the atom was a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded in it- chocolate chip cookie or plum pudding model

• Rutherford- Said that individual atoms were thought of as positively charged spheres with negatively charged electrons randomly orbiting the center. (Cherry with the seed in the center) He also found that an atom is mostly empty space.

• Bohr- Said an atom was a large sphere in the middle with a positive charge and negatively charged electrons revolving around the center like planets around the sun.

• Modern Cloud Theory- electrons are moving very quickly in a cloud around the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus is very small, yet it takes up the majority of the mass of the atom. However, the electron cloud takes up the majority of the volume of the atom.

Multiple Choice

Who came up with this model of the atom?

• Dalton

• Aristotle

• Bohr

• Thompson

Multiple Choice

Who came up the plum pudding model?

• Dalton

• Aristotle

• Bohr

• Thomson

Multiple Choice

Whose atomic model is shown?

• Rutherford

• Bohr

• Dalton

• Democritus

Multiple Choice

Who came up with the idea of atoms having orbitals?

• Democritus

• Dalton

• Thomson

• Bohr

Atoms

• Periodic Table Squares:  Atomic number- # of protons and # of electrons  Atomic Mass- # of protons + neutrons

• Protons- positive charge and in the nucleus

• Neutrons- neutral charge and inside the nucleus

• Electrons- negative charge and outside the nucleus (electron cloud)

• Valence electrons- outermost electrons 

  
  

Multiple Choice

An atom of any element must contain

• an equal number of protons and neutrons

• an equal number of protons and electrons

• more electrons than neutrons

• more electrons than protons

Multiple Choice

Which two have approximately the same mass?

• neutrons and electrons

• neutron and proton

• proton and electron

Multiple Choice

The mass of an atom is equal to the number of

• neutrons

• protons

• neutrons plus protons

• electrons plus protons

Multiple Choice

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

• Mass number- atomic number

• mass number/atomic number

• mass number + atomic number

• mass number x atomic number

Multiple Choice

What does the atomic number tell us?

• # of protons

• # of neutrons

Multiple Choice

What is the mass number of an atom which contains 21 electrons, 21 protons, and 24 neutrons?

• 21

• 42

• 45

• 66

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number of an element whose atoms each contain 47 protons, 60 neutrons, and 47 electrons?

• 13

• 47

• 60

• 107

Multiple Choice

Which atom has a nucleus that contains 13 protons and 14 neutrons?

• Mg

• Be

• Al

• N

Multiple Choice

Which atom has a nucleus that contains 13 protons and 14 neutrons?

• Mg

• Be

• Al

• N

The periodic table is broken down into three types of elements:

• Metals-  Luster (shiny), ductile, malleable, good conductors of electricity and heat

• Non-Metals-  Gases at room temperature (most), poor conductors, dull, brittle and breakable solids

• Metalloids- stair-step line Have metal-like properties, but also have some non-metal properties 

Metalloids

• Found in the "staircase" separating metals and nonmetals. Starting at B (boron)

• The smallest amount of elements on the table

• Examples: Boron, Silicon, Arsenic

Properties of Metalloids

• Properties are between metals and nonmetals 

• Can have a metallic luster, or be dull

• Conductive, but less than metals

• Solid at room temperature, but more brittle than metals

• Usually malleable and ductile

Multiple Choice

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Choice

Which element is a metalloid?

• Titanium
• Selenium
• Potassium
• Polonium

Multiple Choice

Silicon is a semiconductor and has properties of both metals and nonmetals. What type of element is Silicon? 

• Metal
• Nonmetal
• Metalloid
• Pretty

Nonmetals

• All elements on the far right side of the table + hydrogen

• Second largest grouping of elements

• Examples: Carbon, Nitrogen, Neon, Helium, Hydrogen

• There are three divisions of nonmetals, but we will focus on the general group

Properties of Nonmetals

• Essentially, they are the opposite of metals

• Dull, not shiny

• Brittle when solid

• Some are gasses

• NOT malleable, conductive, or ductile

Neon is a nonmetal gas

Multiple Choice

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Choice

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Select

Check off all of the nonmetal physical properties you can observe in this image of sulfur.

• Dull appearance

• Brittle solid

• Gaseous

• Not malleable

Metals

• Almost all elements on the left side and middle of the table

• Majority (75%) of the elements are metals

• Examples: Magnesium, Calcium, Copper, Silver, Gold, Nickle

• There are different types of metals, but for now we will focus on it as a general group

Physical Properties of Metals

• Luster - Shines, reflects light

• Great Conductivity - How well electricity and heat travels through the element

• Malleable - Can be beaten into different shapes without breaking

• Ductile - Turned into wires

• Solid at room temperature - Except for Mercury

Multiple Choice

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Select

Check off all properties of metal you can observe in this image of US coins.

• Luster

• Malleable

• Conductivity

• Ductile

• Solid at room temperature

Multiple Choice

If a substance is magnetic it is most likely a 

• metal 
• non-metal

Multiple Choice

The table shows the properties of four elements. Which element in the table is classified as a metal?

• Manganese
• Sulfur
• Silicon
• Neon