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Tenses, Aspects and Voice 3: Past Perfect (Progressive)

Tenses, Aspects and Voice 3: Past Perfect (Progressive)

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English

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Easy

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Helmuts Slisans

Used 1+ times

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46 Slides • 26 Questions

1

Tenses, Aspects and Voice 3: Past Perfect (Progressive)

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Welcome back!


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Today - Past with the Perfect aspect


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Past Perfect

had + -ed

For example, 'Peter had worked.'

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Past Perfect

The same for I/he/she/it/you/we/they

Spelling rules: the same as in simple past

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Let's study the forms and spelling first!

In the examples, '[1]' indicates, which action is first

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Past Perfect: full positive forms

  • Peter had worked [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia.

  • Spelling: Typically, add -ed

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Past Perfect: full positive forms

  • Peter had lived [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia.

  • Spelling: Add -d if the word ends in -e

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Past Perfect: full positive forms

  • Peter had studied [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia.

  • Spelling: Take away -y and add -ied if the word ends in consonant + y

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Past Perfect: full positive forms

  • Peter had stopped [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia.

  • Spelling: Sometimes double to final consonant

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Irregular verbs in the Past

  • Peter had spent [1] some time in Italy before he came to Latvia.

  • Some verbs do not take any rules. You just have to learn them. For example, spent NOT spended

  • Check this resource for a list of irregular verbs: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs.html

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Past Perfect: short positive forms

  • I/he/she/we/you/they'd worked [1] in Italy before I/he/she/it/we/you/they came to Latvia

  • BUT: It had worked [1] in Italy before it came to Latvia.

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Past Perfect: full negative forms

  • Peter had not worked [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia.

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Past Perfect: short negative forms

  • Peter hadn't worked [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia.

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Past Perfect: questions

  • Had Peter worked [1] in Italy before he came to Latvia?

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If you've made it this far...

You're capable of grand things!

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You're really capable of grand things!


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Choose the correct Past Perfect form!

'[1]' indicates which activity happens first.

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Multiple Choice

'It can't be helped, it must be done,' he said after they (eat) [1] and rested. [W_fict_prose]

1

had eaten

2

had ate

3

had eat

4

had eated

20

Multiple Choice

Just about this time he put his hand into his jacket pocket and found the two bills from Mouncy Street. With them was the letter he (not open) [1] [W_fict_prose]

1

has not opened

2

had not opened

3

had not openned

4

didn't open

21

Multiple Choice

Canjuers was tough. We (drive) [1] for five hours in open lorries through a rainstorm, climbing into the foothills of the Alps and then across a wilderness of a training area [W_biography]

1

had drived

2

had driven

3

drove

4

had droven

22

Multiple Choice

Naturally I jumped at the chance. 'What man? (You see) [1] him before?' [W_fict_prose]

1

You had seen

2

You seen

3

You saw

4

Had you seen

23

Multiple Choice

Mostly she quizzed me about the burglars and I said (they try) [1] to get in through the bathroom window [W_fict_prose]

1

they tried

2

they had tryed

3

had they tried

4

they’d tried

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So far so good

So, when do we use Past Perfect?

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Past Perfect: uses

  • Past before past

  • I travelled to Rome last year. I had travelled [1] to New York the year before.

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Remember?

  • Past - finished actions

  • I travelled to Rome last year.

  • Past Progressive - actions in progress in past

  • While in Rome, I was studying Italian.

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Past vs Past Perfect: compare!

  • When I came home, James had already gone out [1].

  • James sold his car yesterday, but I had sold [1] mine the week before.

  • The person who had bought [1] my car, later sold it to someone else.

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Past vs Past Progressive vs Past Perfect: compare!

  • When I came home, Marie was eating, but James had already gone out [1].

  • James sold his car yesterday while he was talking on the phone, but I had sold [1] mine the week before.

  • The person who had bought [1] my car later sold it to someone else, who was looking to buy a car.

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If it seems complicated,

it is a great opportunity to learn!

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Use Past, Past Progressive or Past Perfect!

Sometimes multiple options may be possible, but choose which works best according to the rules!

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'[1]' indicates which action is first


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Multiple Choice

I passed Trafalgar Square where I observed the pigeons strangely doing the same things I (see) [1] just moments before [W_misc]

1

seen

2

saw

3

'd saw

4

had seen

33

Multiple Choice

'Where are you going?' said Philip. This wasn't what he (plan) [1] at all, a detour.' [W_fict_prose]

1

planned

2

had had planned

3

were planning

4

'd planned

34

Multiple Choice

'Get yourself outside, Maws. Go on now.' When she (go) [1], Sarah (pour) herself out a large mug of thick black tea. [W_fict_prose]

1

had gone; had poured

2

went; had poured

3

went; did poured

4

had gone; poured

35

Multiple Choice

It (be) enough for me, the last straw. I (see) [1] and heard enough. [W_misc]

1

was; had seen

2

was; had saw

3

were; saw

4

was; seed

36

Multiple Choice

I knew where I (go). I (plan) [1] it all out, not the day, just got up one morning and thought, 'This is it, I've had enough. I'm going.' [W_non_ac_soc_scinece]

1

went; planned

2

goed; planned

3

going; had planned

4

was going; 'd planned

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Good!

Let's see how it goes without '[1]' now

38

Multiple Choice

Botha (earlier visit) the Baltic States where Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania established full diplomatic relations with South Africa immediately. [W_non_ac_polit_law_edu]

1

visited earlier

2

earlier visited

3

had earlier visited

4

was visitting earlier

39

Multiple Choice

It was the day after the barbecue and Sara was reminded that it was here yesterday she (meet) Matthew. [W_fict_prose]

1

had met

2

meeted

3

met

4

had meeted

40

Multiple Choice

He (smile) now as he approached the captain. 'Consider it done, sir.' [W_fict_prose]

1

had smiled

2

was smiled

3

was smiling

4

smilled

41

Multiple Choice

'How much is that, Mrs McDougall?' She told me, and I (pay) her. [W_fict_prose]

1

was paying

2

had payed

3

were paying

4

paid

42

Multiple Choice

Then he (have) a shower and changed. His Mum (leave) him a note on the kitchen table. 'Clear your room.' [W_fict_prose]

1

has, left

2

had; had left

3

had had; had left

4

was having; had left

43

Multiple Choice

The holidaymakers (have) a party and one of the prisoners went and (ask) them to keep the noise down. [W_fict_prose]

1

had; asked

2

had; had asked

3

were having; asked

4

were having; were asking

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Past Perfect - Done!

Sending you strength to finish the rest!

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Past with the Perfect aspect and the Progressive Aspect

What is this?

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Past Perfect Progressive

had + been + -ing

For example, 'Robert had been working out.'

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Past Perfect Progressive

The same for I/he/she/it/you/we/they

Spelling rules: the same as for all -ing words

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Past Perfect Progressive: full positive forms

  • Robert had been working out.

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Past Perfect Progressive: short positive forms

  • I/he/she/we/you/they'd been working.

  • BUT: It had been working out.

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Past Perfect Progressive: full negative forms

  • Robert had not been working out.

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Past Perfect Progressive: short negative forms

  • Robert hadn't been working out.

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Past Perfect Progressive: questions

  • Had Robert been working out?

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Now use Present Perfect Progressive!

54

Multiple Choice

He looked as if he (wait) for some time. 'Where have you been?' [W_fict_prose]

1

had been waiting

2

was waited

3

had been waited

4

waited

55

Multiple Choice

A lot of personal things (happen) to me during that year. I was growing up very quickly. [W_ac_soc_science]

1

was happening

2

had happening

3

had been happening

4

had been happened

56

Multiple Choice

Ruth had no idea how long they (drive) when Sean turned the horses off the road on to a narrow side track. [W_fict_prose]

1

was driven

2

had been driving

3

had driven

4

drove

57

Multiple Choice

She had been crying and said that she '(feel) awful' all day. [W_ac_polit_law_edu]

1

felt

2

had had felt

3

had been feeling

4

was felt

58

Multiple Choice

She (write) poems since her childhood, and at university was busy with poems, stories, editing the Smith Review, keeping up a high academic standard, and leading a full social life. [W_biography]

1

had written

2

had been writing

3

wrote

4

written

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When to use Past Perfect Progressive?

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Past Perfect Progressive: uses

  • Activity in progress until a particular time, happening before another activity. Sometimes, the action is not completed.

  • Robert had already been working out for an hour when I joined.

61

Past Perfect vs Past Perfect Progressive: compare!

  • Robert had already worked out when I joined. (Robert had finished his workout)

  • Robert had already been working out for an hour when I joined. (Robert was in the middle of his workout)

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Past Perfect vs Past Perfect Progressive: compare!

  • Robert was working out on a Sunday because he had skipped the previous workout. (Finished action before another action in the past)

  • Robert was working out on a Sunday because he had been skipping workouts lately. (Continuing at some point in the past before another action)

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Past Perfect vs Past Perfect Progressive: compare!

  • Sometimes both are possible if the action is completed:

  • Robert had run a marathon.

  • Robert had been running a marathon.

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Past Perfect vs Past Perfect Progressive: compare!

  • Sometimes both are possible if the action is completed, however, Past Perfect Progressive happened recently, and the result is visible:

  • Robert had run a marathon. [maybe a long time ago]

  • Robert had been running a marathon. [I could see he was tired]

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Use Past Perfect or Past Perfect Progressive!


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Multiple Choice

She told him where she (be), what she had seen. [W_fict_prose]

1

had been

2

was

3

had been being

4

had being

67

Multiple Choice

Helen (try) to learn for some time, but she found it very hard although Tony was endlessly patient with her. [W_fict_prose]

1

had tried

2

was tried

3

had trying

4

had been trying

68

Multiple Choice

Although he (write) letters for months he was only a quarter of the way through the names beginning with 'A' [W_fict_prose]

1

wrote

2

had wrotten

3

had writing

4

had been writing

69

Multiple Choice

He didn't believe like his Mum, that Lee (make) trouble, knocking and then running off. [W_fict_prose]

1

had had been making

2

had maked

3

had making

4

had been making

70

Multiple Choice

The object in question was Franca's divan bed, the one she had slept on in the upstairs spare room when she (look) after Patrick. [W_fict_prose]

1

had looked

2

had been looking

3

looked

4

had been looked

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Incredible! You did it!


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Don't worry if you made mistakes.

Nobody is perfect, and little progress is still progress.

Tenses, Aspects and Voice 3: Past Perfect (Progressive)

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