DAY 3 - Taxonomy Lecture

DAY 3

Taxonomy Lecture

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Multiple Choice

The domain and kingdom taxa are the most specific, while the genus and species taxa are the most general.

• True

• False

How many species do you see in this picture? How many do you see on your way to school?

Classifying organisms helps us study how they're different and alike, and how they're related.

Taxonomy is the science of classification.

With it, we can investigate the natural world deeply in relation to us.

It helps us see how different species are alike - and therefore, related - and how we fit into the puzzle of life on Earth.

Carolus Linnaeus

Swedish scientist in the 1700s.

Invented a naming system based on giving each species two names:

Binomial nomenclature means "two name naming system" and it is based on Latin, an old language that is the "parent" of Spanish, Italian, French, and Romanian.

Multiple Choice

What does "binomial nomenclature" mean in English?

• Two red tandem bicycles

• Two name naming system

• Two faced naming sister

How it works:

This is Ursus americanus, or the American black bear (raawr).

Starts with Domain (right) and gets smaller and more specific as it goes left, until there's only one species left! However:

Look how it "shares" its Genus and Family with other bears today!

How it works:

Each "level" or taxa means something, too:

+ Animalia means animals

+ Chordata means spinal cord

+ Carnivora means eats meat

So, our friend Ursus americanus is an animal with a spinal cord that eats meat (most often).

Earth is full of different and amazing living things!

Taxonomy helps us classify them based on traits we can observe or investigate in their DNA.

The Linnaean system of classification also helps us compare organisms!

Based on those observed traits, we can see which ones are most like the others. According to evolution, this makes them related.

Here's an example:

^{Which of these animals are the most alike?}

Answer these questions, first:

How many taxa do they share?

Which ones shares the most taxa?

Which ones shares the least taxa?

What is our human taxonomy?

Look and see.

^{NOTE: Humans are in Domain Eukaria.}

So, what are the different "kingdoms"?

Let's study the difference between all six!

Multiple Select

Pick only the kingdoms of life from the options below:

• Animalia

• Chordata

• Plantae

• Protista

• Wakanda

Archaebacteria

Recognized as "bacteria" today.

+ Oldest living things on Earth

+ Survive in very hostile places, like boiling lakes of acid or volcanoes

+ Very simple structures

+ Usually prokaryotic

Eubacteria

Recognized as "true" bacteria.

+ More complex organisms

+ Still prokaryotic, though

+ Part of our everyday lives

+ The largest of the six kingdoms

Protista

Finally, some complexity!

+ Definitely eukaryotic

+ Have organelles

+ Still very small, most microscopic

+ Usually reproduce asexually

Plantae

The main producers on Earth.

+ Are eukaryotic and diverse

+ Can live on land or water

+ Carry out photosynthesis

+ Use cell walls and central vacuoles to "stand up" tall against gravity

Fungi

They do not make their own food!

+ Are eukaryotic and diverse

+ Relies on others to make food

+ A very important "link" in all forest ecosystems, like the "internet"

+ Tasty and sometimes poisonous

Animalia

Our kingdom! Cousins!

+ Are eukaryotic and very diverse

+ Do not photosynthesize like plants

+ Are mostly primary/secondary consumers in the ecosystem

+ Almost always reproduce sexually