Year 13 Revision - Energy Systems, Injuries & Biomechanics

Year 13 Revision - Energy Systems, Injuries & Biomechanics

Open Ended

Elite performers have to develop their aerobic system and tolerance to lactic acid.Outline the stages and function of the Krebs cycle. (3 Marks)

Open Ended

At the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, David Davies won the silver medal in the swimming 10 kilometre marathon event, in a time of 1 hour 51 minutes and 53.1 seconds.Explain how the majority of energy used during the race would be provided.

(8 marks)

Open Ended

A sport such as tennis uses the ATP-PC system for energy production.

Outline the advantages and the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system.

(4 marks)

Open Ended

What is the effect on ATP and PC stores of short periods of high intensity exercise followed by recovery periods lasting up to 30 seconds? Justify your answer.

(3 marks)

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

What type of exercise would slow oxidative (type 1 fibers) be good for?

• Weight lifting

• 1 mile run

• walking

• 100m sprint

Multiple Choice

Which muscle fiber type has low fatigue resistance, is large and white and can generate large amounts of power?

• Type 1 (Slow Oxidative)

• Type 2a (Fast Oxidative Glycolytic)

• Type 2b (Fast Glycolytic)

Multiple Choice

Which muscle fibre type would be primarily used for a mile run?

• Slow oxidative type 1

• Fast oxidative type 2a

• Fast glycolytic type 2b

Open Ended

Elite performers who play games, such as hockey and football, will use a predominant energy system which will vary depending on the demands of the match.

Explain how the aerobic energy system contributes to the performance of a games player during a match.

(Total 8 marks)

Open Ended

The table below shows the times of an elite athlete for a 100m, 400m and 3000m race.

The graph below shows the relative contribution of the energy systems on the energy continuum.

Using the graph, analyse and evaluate the contribution of each energy system for each event identified in the table.

(Total 15 marks)

Multiple Select

Outline 3 factors that affect the rate at which a performer accumulates lactate (3 marks)

• Intensity of exercise

• Fitness of the performer

• VO2 max of the performer

• Respiratory exchange rate (closer to 1.0 = quicker lactate accumulation)

• Muscle fibre type used - slow twitch = delays lactate accumulation

Open Ended

Explain how lactic acid is removed from the body.

(4 marks)

Open Ended

Elite athletes must develop and maintain extremely high levels of fitness to maximise their chances of winning. Elite athletes may use the results from lactate sampling and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) to ensure that their training is effective.

Explain the terms lactate sampling and respiratory exchange ratio.

(4 marks)

Multiple Choice

Which method of estimating energy expenditure involves measuring the production of CO₂ and / or the consumption of O₂?

• Indirect calorimetry

• Lactate sampling

• VO2 max test

Open Ended

Altitude training is used to improve aerobic capacity.

Outline the advantages and the disadvantages of altitude training.

(5 marks)

Open Ended

Describe the main principles and benefits of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT).

4 marks

Open Ended

Elite performers need to use a variety of training methods and recovery techniques.

Plyometrics involves hopping and bounding to develop explosive power and speed.

Explain how the muscular and nervous systems work together during plyometric exercises.

4 marks

Open Ended

Describe the main principles and benefits of speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) training.

4 marks

Multiple Choice

A player has overstretched the ligaments in their ankle.

Identify this type of acute injury.

• Dislocation

• Fracture

• Sprain

• Strain

Open Ended

Describe the possible causes, symptoms and treatment for a dislocation.

3 marks

Open Ended

Distinguish between a sprain and a strain.

2 marks

Open Ended

Identify three symptoms of a fracture.

3 marks

Open Ended

Describe an Achilles tendonitis injury and a tennis elbow injury.

4 marks

Open Ended

Describe fours ways that a performer may be able to prevent an injury to themselves from occurring.

4 marks

Open Ended

Screening elite performers is a technique used by coaches for a variety of reasons.

Outline three purposes of screening.

3 marks

Open Ended

Explain why a warm-up is needed to start a training session.

6 marks

Open Ended

To minimise the risk of injury during training and competition, a performer will complete awarm-up, cool down and ensure that the correct clothing and equipment are used.

What other precautions can be taken to prevent injury occurring?

3 marks

Open Ended

Evaluate the use of different types of strength training during injury rehabilitation.

(Total 8 marks)

Open Ended

How may hyperbaric chambers aid injury rehabilitation?

3 marks

Open Ended

Name and explain three rehabilitation techniques elite athletes may use to recover from a soft tissue sports injury.

3 marks

Open Ended

Analyse, using Newton’s First and Second Laws of motion, how a footballer will move towards the ball from a stationary position.

4 marks

Open Ended

The final stage of an endurance race often involves a sprint finish.Using Newton’s Second Law of Motion, explain how an athlete is able to accelerate towards the finish line.

4 marks

Open Ended

The ankle operates as a lever as an athlete pushes off the ground to clear a hurdle.Identify the class of lever operating at the ankle and explain the mechanical advantage of the class of lever for the athlete.

3 marks

Open Ended

Explain the mechanical advantage of the third-class lever operating at the hip for the athlete.

2 marks

Multiple Choice

A runner completes 400m at an average speed of 5 m/s.How long does it take the runner to complete 400m?

• 1 minute 10 seconds

• 1 minute 20 seconds

• 1 minute 30 seconds

• 1 minute 40 seconds

Multiple Choice

Which one of these measurements is a scalar quantity?

• Displacement

• Mass

• Velocity

• Weight

Multiple Choice

Which one of these equations is used to calculate momentum?

• Displacement ÷ time

• (Final velocity − initial velocity) ÷ time

• Mass × acceleration

• Mass × velocity

Multiple Choice

Identify the forces labelled X and Y in the diagram that act on the runner during a race.

• X: Air resistance

  Y: Friction

• X: Friction

  Y: Air resistance

• X: Gravity

  Y: Air resistance

• X: Weight

  Y: Friction

Open Ended

As a sprinter accelerates along the track at the start of a 100m race, an impulse is generated.

Define impulse. State the units of measurement.

(2 marks)

Open Ended

During sporting events performers have to apply force to execute skills correctly.

The graphs above (previous slide) show three impulse graphs of a sprinter at different stages of a 100 metre race.

Identify which impulse graph represents the start, middle and end of the race. For each graph justify your reason

3 marks

Open Ended

Gymnasts have to change the position of their body when performing a somersault during a gymnastic floor routine.

Explain how a gymnast alters their angular velocity by changing their moment of inertia.

4 marks

Multiple Choice

Identify forces X and Y in the diagram.

• X: air resistance

  Y: weight

• X: friction

  Y: gravity

• X: weight

  Y: air resistance

Open Ended

Analyse the factors affecting the flight path of the shot put and how an athlete can maximise horizontal displacement.

(Total 15 marks)

Open Ended

Explain how a lift force is imparted to a discus during flight and explain its effects on the flightpath of the discus.

5 marks

Open Ended

Explain how a high angle of attack will affect the distance travelled by the discus.

3 marks

Open Ended

Explain the methods used to reduce the forces acting on a cyclist whilst racing.

4 marks

Open Ended

Describe a cyclist's use of the Bernoulli effect to increase his speed.

5 marks