Marine Science Ch 6

Marine Science Ch 6

Multiple Choice

What do we call a chemical substance made up of 2 or more different types atoms bonded together?

• formula
• atom
• subscript
• compound

Multiple Choice

What are the basic building blocks for all matter?

• atoms

• elements

• compounds

• chemicals

Multiple Select

Organic molecules that make up living things are all made from which 3 elements?

• hydrogen

• nitrogen

• oxygen

• carbon

• calcium

Multiple Choice

carbohydrates are used for

• growth

• energy

• structure

• insulation

• DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body

• storing genetic information
• structure
• speed up chemical reactions
• transport things through cell membrane

Multiple Choice

What is a protein:

• A polymer composed of many sugars.

• A polymer composed of many amino acids.

• A polymer composed of fatty acids.

• A polymer composed of nucleotides.

Multiple Choice

Lipids are composed of which atoms?

• Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

• Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

• Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon

• Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

An example of a nucleic acid is

• amino acid

• DNA

• sugar

• wax

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• store energy (long-term)

• store energy (short-term)

• build skin, hair, nails, muscles

• store genetic information

Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements does a Nucleic Acid have that a Carbohydrate and Lipid do not?

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Nitrogen

Multiple Choice

an organism that gets its carbohydrates by consuming other organisms is called a(n)

• autotroph

• heterotroph

Multiple Choice

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

• Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
• Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
• Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
• Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

What two products does a plant make during photosynthesis?

• Water and Glucose

• Oxygen and Glucose

• Oxygen and Water

• CO₂ and Glucose

Multiple Choice

autotrophs/primary producers that produce most of the worlds oxygen are mostly found it

• tropical forests

• aquatic ecosystems

• temperate forests

• wetlands

Multiple Choice

phosphates and nitrates are

• organic molecules

• inorganic molecules

Multiple Select

all living organisms are divided into which 2 groups based on cellular structure?

• eukaryotes

• prokaryotes

• animals

• plants

Multiple Choice

Humans are

• prokaryotic

• eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

prokaryotes don't have a nucleus

• true

• false

“Illustration of a prokaryotic cell having a plasma membrane inside a cell wall. Inside the cell wall there are photosynthetic membrane folds containing chlorophyll. The cell contains cytoplasm, scattered ribosomes, cytoskeletals and a ringlike molecule of DNA.”

Multiple Choice

eukaryotes are ONLY multicellular

• true

• false

Multiple Select

Eukaryotes can be separated into which 2 groups

• animal cells

• bacterial cells

• marine organism cells

• plant cells

• reptilian cells

Typical cells of animals and algae and plants, and some of the structures they contain. Shared structures include Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, citoplasm and mitochondria. Algae and plant cells also include cell walls chlorplasts and vacuoules.

Multiple Choice

What does DNA stand for?

• Deoxyribonucleic acid

• Denitrogenous acid

• Deribonucleic acid

• Diribonucleic acid

Multiple Choice

The sugar in DNA is ?

• sucrose
• glucose
• deoxyribose
• fructose

Multiple Choice

Which of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• polysaccharides

Multiple Choice

the smallest level of organization is

• atom

• cell

• organelle

Multiple Choice

a group of cells functioning as a unit

• cell

• molecule

• organ

• tissue

• organ system

Multiple Choice

which includes more things in it

• ecosystem

• community

Multiple Choice

movement of substances in water

• osmosis

• diffusion

Two beakers showing a crystal of salt dissolving in water. The ions in the first beaker start out concentrated in one part of the solution. but eventually spread out because of their random movement (illustrated in the second beaker).

Multiple Choice

A student noticed that placing wilted lettuce in a bowl of cool water caused the lettuce to become more crisp and firm. What is the best explanation for his observation?

• Water moved into the lettuce cells by active transport.
• Water moved into the lettuce cells by osmosis.
• Salt moved into the lettuce cells by diffusion.
• Water moved out of the lettuce cells by osmosis.

Multiple Choice

Where is there a high concentration of water?

• in the flower
• cannot be determined by picture.
• in the vase
• in the leaves

Multiple Choice

The cell is 99% water. The surrounding is salty. Where will the water go?

• Into the cell
• Out of the cell
• Equally in & out 

Multiple Choice

Body fluid change with the salinity around an organism, as seen in mollusks and worms is known as an:

• Anadromous

• Osmoconformer

• Brackish

• Osmoregulator

Multiple Choice

The ability to keep the concentration of an animal’s body fluids more or less constant is known as an:

• Osmoconformer

• Brackish

• Osmoregulator

• Salt wedge

Multiple Choice

which can tolerate a larger range of salinities?

• osmoconformers

• osmoregulators

Illustration of the regulation of salt and water balance comparing marine fish and freshwater fish. The marine fish drinks seawater and it excretes as little urine as possible to conserve water. Some salts pass through the gut without being absorbed. Salts that are absorbed are excreted, mostly through the gills but also in the urine. Freshwater fish do not drink and they produce large amounts of dilute urine. Salts are absorbed by the gills to replace those lost in the urine.

Multiple Choice

which fish urinates more?

• freshwater

• saltwater

Multiple Choice

what are humans?

• endotherm

• ectotherm

Multiple Choice

what are fish?

• endotherm

• ectotherm

Multiple Choice

what are fish?

• poikilotherm

• homeotherm

Multiple Choice

what are humans?

• poikilotherm

• homeotherm

Multiple Choice

if you are a poikilotherm you also have to be an ectotherm

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

How does the DNA of the offspring formed from asexual reproduction compare to the parent?

• none of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

• half of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

• the DNA of the offspring is identical to the DNA of the parent

• none of these are correct

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction.

• Enables organisms to reproduce without a mate

• Requires less time and energy

• Results in little genetic variation

• Enables organisms to produce large amounts of offspring

• Enables plants to spread and colonize an area in a short period of time

Multiple Choice

Occurs when an animal offspring grows from a piece of its parent.

• fission

• budding

• mitotic cell division

• regeneration

• vegetative

Multiple Choice

What type of reproduction is happening in this hydra?

• binary fission

• parthenogenesis

• fragmentation/regeneration

• vegetative propagation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of binary fission?

• An unfertilized egg develops into a worker or drone in a bee hive.

• A starfish is cut into two pieces. Each piece forms into a whole starfish.

• A seed from an apple germinates.

• A bacterial cell undergoes mitosis.

Multiple Choice

During asexual reproduction in a certain organism, a new organism begins to form on the adult's body. Eventually, when the new organism is large enough, it breaks off from the adult and lives separately. This type of reproduction is known as

• parthenogenesis.

• binary fission.

• budding.

• regeneration/fragmentation.

Multiple Choice

___________ reproduction has the advantage of increasing genetic variation.

• Sexual

• Asexual

• Fission

• Budding

Multiple Choice

Sexual reproduction results in

• Genetically unique offspring

• Genetically identical offspring

Multiple Choice

Spawning that causes eggs and sperm to be released in the water column is called

• local spawning

• broadcast spawning

• internal spawning

• Column spawning

Multiple Choice

Do sharks do external or internal fertilization?

• external

• internal

Multiple Choice

Most sponges are hermaphrodites.  What does this mean?

• sponges can produce their own food
• sponges can produce both eggs and sperm
• sponges cannot reproduce
• sponges can swim around

Multiple Choice

gradual change in the genetic makeup of a population over time

• natural selection

• mutation

• selective breeding

• evolution

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring?

• Evolution

• Variation

• Adaptation

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

Which scientist visited the Galapagos Islands and came up with the theory of natural selection?

• Theodor Schwann

• Gregor Mendel

• Charles Darwin

• Rudolf Virchow

Multiple Choice

the gene pool changes as a result from pressures from

• random events

• natural disasters

• the environment

• mutations

Multiple Choice

Who first proposed binomial nomenclature as a way of classifying organisms?

• Carolus Linnaeus

• Aristotle

• Charles Darwin

• Louis Pasteur

Multiple Choice

___ shows the relationship between species

• Classification
• Visible similarity
• Family history
• Biology

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of taxonomy?

• Kingdom, pylum, class, species, genus, family, class

• Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

• Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

• species, phylum, order, class, kingdom, family, genus

Multiple Choice

Binomial nomenclature is the ____________ system for naming organisms.

• Numerical

• Symbolical

• two word

• alphabetical

Multiple Choice

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Phylogeny is usually represented by a tree diagram called a _________ - _____

• Genetic Line

• Phylogenetic Tree

• Photographic Queue

• Future Babies

Multiple Choice

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

• Fish

• Frog

• Salamander

• Human

Illustration of the major groups of living things, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes include Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Fungai, Kingdom Plantae, and Protista. Prokaryotes include Domain Bacteria, Domain Archae and Domain Eukarya.

Multiple Choice

The written set of choices leading to an organism's name is a(n)

• Cladogram

• Instructions

• Dichotomous key

• Binomial nomenclature