Latin I Capita XV/XVI Formative Quick Review

Capita XV/XVI Formative Quick Review

Personal Pronouns

• Much like English, Latin uses personal pronouns to replace or modify a noun in a sentence.

• Unlike English, Latin employs its case system to specify the pronoun's grammatical role in the sentence

• These pronouns have distinct forms based on case, gender, and number - it is important to identify the case, gender and number of the noun being replaced

Match

Match the following pronouns to the noun they would replace:

• eas

• eorum

• eā

• ei

• eis

viris

vaccā

puellas

tauri

deorum

• viris

• vaccā

• puellas

• tauri

• deorum

Suus vs. Eius

• When showing possession, usually the genitive case is used.

• However, Latin also has a variety of possessive adjectives

• When using meus /noster (my/our) and tuus/vester (your), a simple adjective following the owned object can be used

  • i.e. my book = liber meus; your (pl.) father = pater vester

• Third person pronouns and personal adjectives are slightly more complicated

  • If the possessor is the same as the subject of the sentence, the possessive adjective suus is used

    • her (own) table = mensa sua

  • If the possessor differs from the subject, the possessive personal pronoun eius is used

    • her (someone else's) table = mensa eius

Dropdown

Identify whether suus or eius would be needed in the following examples:

Mater filios ​ ​

Select answer

amavit. (Possessor: mater)

Publia pensum ​​

Select answer

​fecit. (Possessor: Drusus)

Senator leges populis ​​

Select answer

dedit. (Possessor: senator)

Perfect System of Verbs

• Latin has two verb systems, the Present and the Perfect

• The Present System relies on the 2nd principal part (the infinitive) to build its verbs

• The Perfect system relies on the 3rd principal part to build its verbs

• Latin uses the Perfect system to build two of its three past tenses, the perfect tense and the pluperfect tense. It is also used to form the future perfect tense

Perfect Tense Verbs

• Latin has three past tenses, one of which is the perfect tense

• Perfect tense verbs use the third principal part (the one that ends in -i!) plus a unique set of endings (-i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt)

• This tense is used to talk about actions that happened in the past but have been completed (i.e. "subject verbed")

  • Contrast this with the imperfect tense, which implies habitual or ongoing past action and can be translated as "subject was verbing"

Multiple Choice

For the verb duco, ducere, duxi, ductus, which principal part is used to form perfect tense verbs?

• duco

• ducere

• duxi

• ductus

Pluperfect Tense Verbs

• In addition to the imperfect and perfect past tenses, Latin also has a third past tense - the pluperfect tense

• Like the Perfect tense, Pluperfect tense verbs use the third principal part plus a unique set of endings

• The best thing about the pluperfect tense is that it uses esse in the imperfect tense as an ending

  • The endings, therefore, are: -eram, -eras, -erat, -eramus, -eratis and -erant

• This tense is used to talk about actions that happened in the distant past (i.e. "subject had verbed [before something else happened]")

Future Perfect Tense Verbs

• The last and least commonly used tense is the future perfect tense

• Like the Perfect tense, Future Perfect tense verbs use the third principal part plus a unique set of endings

• The best thing about the future perfect tense is that it uses esse in the future tense as an ending

  • The endings, therefore, are: -ero, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis and -erint

• This tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future before another action does (i.e. "subject will have verbed [before something else happens]")

Multiple Select

Which of the following verbs happened in the most distant past?

• ambulabamus

• timebis

• imperavisti

• vastaveratis

• sedeo

Poll

How confident are you feeling about this test?

• Not at all confident

• A little confident

• Pretty confident