Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi

Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi

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Recap of Living things

• What are all living things made of?

• Cells

• What are all living things?

• Organisms

Microorganisms

• These are organisms that can only be seen through a microscope.

Multiple Choice

all living things contain cells? TRUE or FALSE

• True

• False

Viruses Information

• Viruses are not alive.

• they are tiny, nonliving particles that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell.

• They lack most of the characteristics of of living things.

• They cannot reproduce on their own. instead, they casue the cells they enter to reproduce more viruses.

• They do not use food for energy to grow .

• and they don't respond to their environment.

Viruses Shapes and Names

• Viruses can be round or shaped like bricks, threads, or bullets.

• Scientists name viruses after the disease they cause or after the area the scientists discovered them.

Viruses reproduction

• viruses are very small and contain a genteic protein coating.

• The protein coating contains chemical instructions for making more copies of the virus.

• to reproduce a virus attaches itself to a host cell.

• A HOST CELL is an organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus to live.

Virus Reproduction CONT"D

• The virus either enters the cell or injects its genetic material into the host cell.

• from their the genetic material from the virus takes over and forces the cell to make more copies of the virus

• once that occurs the host cell bursts open, releasing many new viruses which then infect other healthy cells, and repeats the process.

Disease

• This occurs when many copies of a virus attacking your cells at once.

• example is the common cold, or could be more deadly.

• scientists have create a way to prevent many dangerous viral diseases, by Vaccines.

• VACCINE- is a substance used in vaccination that consists of pathogens, such as viruses that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the body to produce chemicals that destroy the pathogens.

Multiple Choice

Viruses are living things. TRUE or FALSE

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

What is an organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus to live?

• Vaccine

• Microorganisms

• Host

• Common Cold

Multiple Choice

Viruses Reproduce by them selves without any help. TRUE or FALSE

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Many copies of a virus attacking your cells is called what?

• Vaccine

• Disease

• Host

Multiple Choice

What is a substance that contains pathogens that can kill viral diseases?

• Miocrorganism

• Host Cell

• Vaccine

• Genetic Coating

Multiple Choice

A virus can attach to a host and then deprive it of all its nutrients. TRUE or FALSE?

• True

• False

Multiple Select

What are the virus shapes found under a microscope?

• round

• brick

• bullet

• thread

Bacteria Info

• If life were a movie Bacteria would be both Villains and the Heroes.

• Bacteria makes up the great majority of organisms on Earth.

• Bacteria are very small.

• the smallest Bacteria are as big as the largest forms of viruses.

• Bacteria come in three basic shapes: ball, rod, or spiral.

• the shape of a Bacteria cell helps scientists identify them.

Bacterial Cell Structures

• are single-celled and lack a nucleus.

• Each cell is a separate living organism the performs the necessary functions to live.

• They have cell walls that protect them them from attacks and keep them from drying out.

• inside the cell wall is a Cell Membrane: which controls what substances pass into and out of the cell.

• flagellum- are what bacteria use to move, they whip around to propel bacteria toward their food.

Bacteria Obtaining Food 3 ways

• 1. Some bacteria make their own food like plants do from sunlight.

• 2. others create food from chemicals.

• 3. others take food in through their cell walls. examples: milk, sugar, meat, or dead cells.

Bacteria Survival

• Bacteria do not move fast.

• They cannot escape intense heat or hunt for food.

• Some bacteria survive harsh conditions by sheltering in a safe place.

• a thick cell wall forms around them and then will grow back to normal once conditions improve.

Bacterial Reproduction

• Bacteria keep ahead of predators by reproducing rapidly.

• Bacteria reproduce asexually, meaning one parent is need to produce more bacteria.

• They do this by growing in size then dividing into two identical cells, called BINARY FISSION.

Reproduction CONT"D

• Bacteria can also pass genetic material to a neighboring bacteria through conjugation.

• this occurs when two bacteria cells come together and exchange genetic material.

• Conjugation does not produce more bacteria, but it does allow genetic information to spread.

• example of conjugation is bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.

• This is when the anitbiotic cell passes the resistance on to another bacteria by conjugation.

• which could lead to the entire population of that certain bacteria to become resistant and anitbiotics will no longer work.

Multiple Choice

Bacteria are multi celled organisms? TRUE or FALSE

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

• Ball

• Rod

• Spiral

• Rectangle

Multiple Choice

Bacteria can move very fast? TRUE or FALSE

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

This occurs when bacteria cells come together and exchange genetic material .

• Conjugation

• infections

• Flagellum

• Binary Fission

Multiple Choice

Asexual reproduction in Bacteria is called what?

• Binary Fission

• Conjugation

• Flagella

• Toxins

Multiple Choice

The shape of bacterial cells help scientists to identify them under a microscope. TRUE or FAlSE

• True

• False

Protists

• are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi.

• All protists live in moist environments and are common where humans interact.

• Most are harmless organisms, but some can cause illness and disease. Most commonly known as Parasites.

• PARASITES: are organisms that benefit from living with, on or in a host.

• a parasite attaches itself to its host and takes in nutrients and prevents nutrients from entering or helping its host its attached to.

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Multiple Choice

Protists are Both harmful and harmless organisms? TRUE or FALSE

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

What are the most harmful protists?

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Parasites

Fungi

• Are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing food through their cell walls.

• most fungi cells are HYPHAE: threadlike tubes.

• HYPHAE: give fungi structure and allow them to spread over large areas. it also grows into food sources and release chemicals.

• some fungi act as decomposers and consume dead organisms, while other are parasites that attack living hosts.

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Fungal Reproduction

• Fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually.

• they produce asexually by sending up reproductive structures called fruiting bodies: which produce spores that are carried by wind or water to new locations.

• They produce Sexually when HYPHAE from two different fungi grow close together and trade genetic info.

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Role of Fungi

• Fungi come in many forms and varying lifestyles.

• some we can eat like mushrooms.

• some can can destroy our property, food and make us sick. example athlete's foot, or mold on bread or fruit.

• some however can cause serious diseases , there are no vaccines to prevent fungal infections.

Multiple Choice

There is a vaccine that prevents Fungal infections and diseases? TRUE or FALSE

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Fungi are Heterotrohs meaning they eat their food. TRUE or FALSE

• True

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Fungi can only reproduce asexually. TRUE or FALSE

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

What is the cell structure of FUNGI?

• Round

• Square

• Threadlike