Spring 2021 Review--LMS

Spring 2021 Review

Language Arts

Verbals

• Gerunds are words that look like verbs, but act like NOUNS; they ALWAYS end in -ing; they act as the subject, subject complement, direct object, or object of the preposition

• Participles are words that look like verbs, but function like ADJECTIVES; they can end in -ed, -ing, -es, -en; participle phrases usually start off a sentence and are set off by a comma

• Infinitives are the phrase 'to+ action verb'; they function as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs; they can be confused with prepositional phrases

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT considered a verbal?

• Traveling

• To travel

• Apple

• Boiling

Multiple Select

Which of the following sentences contains a GERUND functioning as the SUBJECT?

• Puppies are my favorite animal.

• To love is the greatest feeling on Earth.

• When boiling water, it is important not to let it explode.

• Sitting on the bench is a pastime of mine.

Commas, Ellipses, and Dashes

• Commas separate two phrases; you use a comma before a FANBOYS to separate 2 independent clauses; you use a comma to separate a dependent clause from an independent clause.

• An ellipsis is used to omit words or phrases (often used when quoting long pieces of text); also used to show an exaggerated pause in thought (often used in dialogue)

• Dashes are used to show a break in a sentence; create emphasis; or indicate a sudden change in thought

Poll

What is the difference between a hyphen and a dash?

• There is no difference

• Hyphens join words together; dashes separate them.

• Hyphens separate words; dashes bring them together.

Multiple Choice

Where does the dash belong to show an interruption?

“I’m having a “ John interrupted as he stepped off the bus.

• “I’m having a --“ John interrupted as he stepped off the bus.

• “I’m having a “ John interrupted-- as he stepped off the bus.

• “I’m-- having a “ John interrupted as he stepped off the bus.

• “I’m having a “ John interrupted as he stepped-- off the bus.

Multiple Choice

Is the sentence correct as is, or is it a run on sentence?

I run for a living I enjoy looking at the scenery.

• Correct

• Run on sentence

Multiple Choice

Which choice shows the INCORRECT way to fix this sentence?

I run for a living I enjoy looking at the scenery.

• I run for a living; I enjoy looking at the scenery.

• I run for a living as I enjoy looking at the scenery.

• I run for a living, and I enjoy looking at the scenery.

• I run for a living. I enjoy looking at the scenery.

Multiple Choice

Which way fixes this run on sentence?

I wanted to go fishing it was too cold to go out on the lake.

• I wanted to go fishing; because it was too cold to go out on the lake.

• I wanted to go fishing, but it was too cold to go out on the lake.

• I wanted to go fishing, for it was too cold to go out on the lake.

• I wanted to go fishing. Yet, it was too cold to go out on the lake.

Active or Passive Voice?

• Active Voice-- the subject directly performs the action; often the structure follows the Subject-Action-Object pattern

• Passive Voice-- the subject receives the action; often follows the Object-Action-Subject pattern

Poll

Which voice do we use more often?

• Active

• Passive

Multiple Select

Which sentence is written in active voice?

• The squirrel hoarded the acorns all throughout the fall.

• The acorns were hoarded by the squirrel all throughout the fall.

Theme

• A complex theme is built from beginning to end of the story. It is based on the events that unfold within the story.

• When you are considering a theme for a story, think about the MAJOR conflict within the story. How does the character resolve the conflict; how does the antagonist's plan not work out; how do the characters work together within the plot to resolve the major conflict?

Poll

Which statement shows the BEST complex theme for Emperor's New Clothes?

• Greed is what makes us fools.

• Being right is always better than fitting in.

• The emperor wanted the finest clothes in the kingdom, but because he was unwilling to speak his doubts, he ended up looking silly with no clothes on due to a trick.

• It is better to say the truth and be alone, than allow yourself to be a fool within a crowd.

Irony and the 3 Types

• Irony is created from the point of view of the narrator. There are different types of irony, and they depend on the type of POV the story is told from.

• Verbal-- when a character SAYS something, but means the opposite (associated with dialogue within stories).

• Situational-- when BOTH the reader and the characters are surprise by an action within the story.

• Dramatic-- when ONLY the characters in the story are surprised, but the audience knows what is going to happen.

Multiple Choice

Take the real-life example of the RMS Titanic: she was the largest ship afloat in 1912, the year she set sail, and was universally hailed as “unsinkable.” That is, until she hit an iceberg and sunk to the bottom of the sea… en route her maiden voyage.

This is what type of irony?

• Situational

• Verbal

• Dramatic

• Indirect

Multiple Choice

In Roald Dahl’s A Lamb to the Slaughter, a woman kills her husband with a frozen leg of lamb. When the cops arrive, she cooks the lamb and feeds it to them, effectively making them eat the evidence.

This is which type of irony?

• Verbal

• Situational

• Dramatic

• Indirect

Multiple Choice

Say you bought a scratch card for a multimillion dollar lotto, and ended up winning a grand total of $5. If a friend then asked you whether you won anything and you said, “Yeah, total jackpot” .

This is what type of irony?

• Verbal

• Situational

• Dramatic

• Indirect

Characterization

• When the personality of a character is revealed through their thoughts, feelings, actions, effect on others, their appearance, and their words.

• We as readers describe the characters based on these things with an adjective (this is called indirect characterization).

• Sometimes the author chooses to describe the character within the story either from the narrator's description or the dialogue in between characters (direct characterization

Multiple Choice

When Ashputtel's stepmother spill lentils into the ashes, and her step-mother tells her to pick out the lentils, then she can go to the ball.

This scene is an example of indirect characterization. How would you characterize her actions?

• Excited

• Frustrating

• Polite

• Calculated

Multiple Choice

In the story, "Hansel and Gretel" the dialogue below reveals what about the characters?

'O you fool!' said she, 'then we must all four die of hunger, you may as well plane the planks for our coffins.

• The step-mother's evil plan.

• The way the step-mother feels about the father.

• The reason the witch tracked the children.

Multiple Select

Which of the following is revealed by the narrator's descriptions in the tall tale John Henry?

"John Henry hammered on the right-hand side. Steam drill kept driving to the left. John Henry beat that steam drill down. But he hammered his poor heart to death"

• John Henry is good at hammering.

• John Henry is willing to sacrifice his life to make other's lives easier.

• John Henry likes to race machinery.

• It explains the conflict and its resolution.

Figurative Language

• Imagery, simile, metaphor, symbolism, personification, onomatopoeia

• Authors use these devices to enhance their writing, and make the descriptions and actions more vivid and able to be pictured, felt, heard, or tasted by the audience.

• Figurative language is NOT meant to be taken literally, so the reader needs to imagine scenarios that might not be able to happen in reality

• Ex. "the flowers danced in the breeze"; an example of personification that is meant to show the image of grace and beauty in nature.

Poll

What does the speaker mean by the phrase,

"Look at you, chopping and weeping. Idiot.

Is this the way you go through life, your mind

A stopless knife, driven by your fantasy of truth,"?

• People go through life inflicting damage and don't think it's wrong.

• People like to eat onions, so they have to chop them up.

• The onion is showing how much it is hurt by the human's actions.

• The truth will always set you free if you believe it.

Multiple Select

Which of the following use figurative language?

• The tears clouding your eyes as the table fills

  With husks, cut flesh, all the debris of pursuit.

• I don't mean to make you cry.

  I mean nothing, but this has not kept you

  From peeling away my body, layer by layer,

• Of lasting union--slashing away skin after skin

  From things, ruin and tears your only signs

  Of progress? Enough is enough.

• That you are, you who want to grasp the heart

  Of things, hungry to know where meaning

  Lies. Taste what you hold in your hands: onion-juice,

Multiple Choice

What type of figurative language is used in these lines?

"A heart that will one day beat you to death."

• Onomatopoeia

• Simile

• Personification

• Imagery