IB Bio Macromolecules Review

IB Bio Macromolecules Review

Covers Topics 2.1 - 2.5

Multiple Choice

sum of all chemical reactions

• chemosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• metabolism

• photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

The break down of larger molecules into small one.

• metabolism

• catabolism

• anabolism

• oxidation

Multiple Choice

Which is an anabolic process?

• photosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• neither

• both

Multiple Choice

The 4 most common elements in living things are:

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

• carbon, oxygen, sodium, calcium

• carbon, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus

Multiple Choice

Which category does this molecule belong to?

• carbs

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which category does this molecule belong to?

• carbs

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which category does this molecule belong to?

• carbs

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which category does this molecule belong to?

• carbs

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which category does this molecule belong to?

• carbs

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which category does this molecule belong to?

• carbs

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

The oxygen atom in a water molecule has a partial ______ charge.

• negative

• positive

Multiple Choice

Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms joined by a _______ bond to an oxygen atom.

• covalent

• ionic

• hydrogen

Multiple Choice

In the water molecule shown, which atoms should be labeled with a partial positive charge?

• hydrogens

• oxygen

• both

• neither

Multiple Choice

Water forms ____________ between water molecules.

• aquatic bonds

• covalent bonds

• hydrogen bonds

• ionic bonds

Multiple Choice

Water sticking to water is _________ ; water sticking to other charged substances is __________.

• magic; science

• adhesion; cohesion

• cohesion; adhesion

• cohesion; capillary action

Multiple Choice

Water molecules are _______ and can dissolve other _______ substances.

• nonpolar; nonpolar

• polar; nonpolar

• nonpolar; polar

• polar; polar

Multiple Choice

Which best describes the thermal properties of water?

• Because of hydrogen bonding, water must absorb a large amount of energy to change temperature or state

• Because of hydrogen bonding, water must absorb a small amount of energy to change temperature or state.

• Water's temperature is unstable and changes easily with its surroundings.

• Water and methane are similar in that they are both liquid at room temperature.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is insoluble in water?

• glucose

• oxygen

• sodium chloride

• fatty acids

Multiple Choice

Which property of water is shown here?

• cohesion

• adhesion

• thermal

• solvent

Multiple Select

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for which properties of water? (select all that apply)

• cohesive properties

• adhesive properties

• thermal properties

• solvent properties

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a carbohydrate?
(Why do I need this before a workout?)

• Quick energy
• Movement
• Stores genetic information
• Speeds up reactions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

• Glucose

• Galactose

• Fructose

• Lactose

Multiple Choice

Which type of carbohydrate is this?

• monsaccharide
• disaccharide
• polysaccharide
• glyceride

Multiple Select

Which of the following are disaccharides?

• Sucrose

• Glucose

• Maltose

• Cellulose

Multiple Choice

This carbohydrate is used by animals to store energy in the liver.

• chitin

• glycogen

• glucose

• starch

Multiple Choice

Energy storage in plants is in ______ molecules.

• cellulose

• starch

• glycogen

Multiple Choice

Many __________ come together to form one ______________.

• monomers; polymer
• polymers; monomer

Multiple Choice

What type of carbohydrate is this?

• polysaccharide
• disaccharide
• monosaccharide
• it isn't a carbohydrate

Multiple Select

Which of the following is a function of lipids? Select all that apply

• Long-term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Insulation

• Waterproof coverings

Multiple Choice

Lipids are... (Hint: this is due to the hydroPHOBIC nature of the phospholipid tails)

• Water Fearing

• Hight Fearing

• Chicken Fearing

• Scratch Fearing

Multiple Choice

In addition to glycerol, how many fatty acids are needed to make a triglyceride?

• 3

• 4

• 2

• 1

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is this?

• carbohydrate

• triglyceride

• phospholipid

• steroid

Multiple Choice

This macromolecule is used for long term energy storage.

• protein

• simple carbohydrate

• complex carbohydrate

• lipid

Multiple Choice

More than one double bond

• Monounsaturated fatty acid

• Unsaturated fatty acid

• Polyunsaturated fatty acid

• Polysaccharides

Multiple Choice

All single bonds between carbons

• cis or trans isomers

• Monounsaturated fatty acid

• Polyunsaturated fatty acid

• Saturated fatty acid

Multiple Choice

Which is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Multiple Choice

This molecule is...

• Saturated

• Unsaturated

Multiple Choice

Hydrogen atoms at a double bond are on the same side; bends; oils

• hydrolysis

• Cis

• Trans

• Glycogen

Multiple Choice

What type of fatty acid is shown here?

• saturated fatty acid

• cis-unsaturated fatty acid

• trans-unsaturated fatty acid

• cis-polyunsaturated fatty acid

Multiple Choice

This is an example of ______-Oleic acid.

• trans

• cis

Multiple Choice

Unsaturated fats are bad for you

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is a protein:

• A polymer composed of many sugars.

• A polymer composed of many amino acids.

• A polymer composed of fatty acids.

• A polymer composed of nucleotides.

Multiple Choice

Each amino acid is different from the other due to....

• The R group
• The amino group
• The carboxyl group
• The central carbon

Multiple Choice

A covalent bond that joins amino acids, at the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the other amino acid, with the release of a molecule of water.

• Ionic Bond
• Glycosidic bond
• Peptide bond
• Ester bond

Multiple Choice

Which shows a peptide bond?

Multiple Choice

The polymer which folds into proteins

• Polypeptide
• Amino Acids
• Nucleic Acids
• Polynucleotides

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a bond forming between two amino acids. What is the name of this reaction?

• Condensation Synthesis

• Hydrolysis

• Pepysis

• Oxidation

Multiple Choice

This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body

• storing genetic information

• structure

• speed up chemical reactions

• transport things through cell membrane

Multiple Choice

The enzyme that catalyses the first step of carbon fixation in photosynthesis

• spider silk

• Rhodopsin

• Rubisco

• Proteome

Multiple Choice

A structural protein that forms strong fibers, found in skin, connective tissue and bone (the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom).

• Insulin

• Immunoglobulins

• Rhodopsin

• Collagen

Multiple Choice

A 4 polypeptide globular protein in red blood cells. Binds oxygen in lungs and releases it in tissues.

• Integrin

• Hemoglobin

• Lysozyme

• Rubisco

Multiple Choice

When a protein unfolds, it is

• Denatured
• Building
• Adding amino acids
• Making food

Multiple Choice

The sequence of amino acids is determined by:

• Genes
• Hydrogen Bonds
• Like Dissolves Like
• pH

Multiple Choice

What is a proteome?

• The number of genes found in a organism
• The number of proteins produced by an organism
• The number of amino acids found in an organism
• The number of amino acids found in a polypeptide

Multiple Choice

Venus flytraps produce chemicals that break down insects into usable compounds. These chemicals are most likely.....

• hormones
• lipids
• enzymes
• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?

• Coenzyme
• Substrate
• Vitamin
• Polypeptide

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction
• raise activation energy
• speed up reactions
• control how many reactions occur

Multiple Choice

The enzyme known as ‘catalase’ is involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide molecules into separate water and oxygen molecules. During this reaction, what happens to the ‘catalase’?

• the enzyme would become products: O₂ and H₂O
  
• the enzyme would be fully used up and discarded
• the enzyme would remain unchanged in any way
• the enzyme would become a new type of enzyme

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell.  Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?

• reducing the number of products   
• reducing the activation energy
• increasing the temperature of the cell
• increasing the concentration of reactants 

Multiple Choice

Letter C...

• active site

• enzymes

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

In the diagram, what is letter A? 

• product
• substrate
• enzyme-substrate complex
• active site

Multiple Choice

Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction. This is because....

• less substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules, so less product will be formed
• more substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed
• the temperature will increase, resulting in faster reactions
• the rate of denaturation of enzymes will decrease

Multiple Choice

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

• The enzymes die.

• The shape is altered and they denature

• The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

• The enzymes remain the same

Multiple Choice

Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 

• 15^oC
• 40^oC
• 30^oC
• 35^oC

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic (alkaline) solution?

• A
• B
• both are equally efficeint
• neither are efficient in a basic solution

Multiple Choice

What is the optimum pH of pepsin which is found in the stomach gastric juice of humans?

• pH 5
• pH 2
• pH 7
• pH 9

Multiple Choice

What is the advantage of using lactase in an immobilized state in the food manufacturing industry?

• It functions within cells.

• It dissolves in multiple solvents.

• It converts cellulose into glucose.

• It is less likely to become denatured.

Multiple Choice

What is decreased when lactase is added to milk?

• A. Sweetness

• Disaccharides

• Calcium

• Monosaccharides