2022英表 Lesson7 動詞の態（２）さまざまな受動態

2021英表

Lesson4 part2

さまざまな受動態

第3文型 S V O 以外の受動態

第3文型 S V O 以外の受動態

​

第4文型 SVOO　第5文型SVOC

​の受動態はどんな形だろう？

Santa Claus gives children wonderful presents.

My classmates call the dog Ichiro.

Multiple Select

考えてみよう。

Santa Claus gives children wonderful presents.

を受動態にすると。。。

意味の通るものはどれだろう？

• Children are given wonderful presents by Santa Claus.

• Presents given to children by Santa Claus are wonderful.

• Children wonderful presents are given by Santa Claus.

• Wonderful presents are given to children by Santa Claus.

第4文型の文

Santa Claus gives children wonderful presents.

​第4文型の文を受動態にすると

「される側」を主語とした2つの文を作ることができる。(メモ１)

​

→ Children are given wonderful presents by Santa Claus.

→ Wonderful presents are given to children by Santa Claus.

Multiple Choice

Lucy sent Jim the email.

Jim(人)を主語にした受動態の文は、

• Jim was the email sent by Lucy.

• Jim sent email to Lucy.

• Jim was sent by Lucy the email.

• Jim was sent the email by Lucy.

Multiple Choice

Lucy sent Jim the email.

the email(もの)を主語にした受動態の文は、

• The email was sent Jim by Lucy.

• The email was sent to Jim by Lucy.

• The email was sent by Lucy.

• The email sent to Lucy by Jim.

第4文型SVOOの受動態は2パターンある(メモ2)

give型

a 人を主語

b ものを主語→人の前にtoを付ける

​

buy型 1パターンのみ！

a なし (人は主語にしない❌)

b ものを主語→人の前にforを付ける

SVOOの受動態は2パターンある (メモ2)

give型例

a I was shown her novel by Sumire.

b Her novel was shown to me by Sumire.

​

buy型例

a ❌Hermione was made a feast by Harry.

b A feast was made for Hermione by Harry.

a 人を主語

​b ものを主語→人の前に

toを付ける

​

​

a なし

b ものを主語→人の前に

forを付ける

​

第5文型 S V O C の受動態

Poll

考えてみよう。

My classmates call the dog Ichiro.

を受動態にするとどうなると思う？

「その犬は私のクラスメイトにイチローと呼ばれている。」

The dog ______ by my classmates.

• is called Ichiro

• is called Ichiro for

• is Ichiro called

• Ichiro is called

第5文型 S V O C の受動態(メモ3)

​第5文型の受動態では、Cはbe動詞＋p.p.の後に

​My classmates call the dog Ichiro.

​↓ 受動態

​The dog is called Ichiro by my classmates.

Multiple Choice

Yoshiki painted the wall white.

を受動態にすると？

• The white wall was painted by Yoshiki.

• The wall was painted white by Yoshiki.

• The wall painted white by Yoshiki.

• Yoshiki was painted white.

注意すべき受動態の表現

Poll

考えてみよう！

They say that she is the most popular singer in the U.S.

「彼女はアメリカ合衆国で最も人気のある歌手だそうだ。」

これを受動態にするとどう表せると思う？

• She is said to be the most popular singer in the U.S.

• It is said that she is the most popular singer in the U.S.

• That she is the most popular singer in the U.S. is said by them.

• She is said that she is the most popular singer in the U.S.

「S‘はV‘と言われている／S‘はV‘だそうだ」の受動態表現は2通り(メモ4)

They say [that she is the most popular singer in the U.S.]

↓

① It is said that she is the most popular singer in the U.S.

② She is said to be the most popular singer in the U.S.

They say that S‘ V‘

​↓

① Itは仮主語 ＝ 目的語節(that節)を主語にする表現

② that節内の主語(S‘)を主語にした表現

Open Ended

Take a moment to think to make a sentence expressing hearsay.

Multiple Select

They say that brown rice is good for your health.

受動態にすると...

• Brown rice is said that good for your health.

• It is said that brown rice is good for your health.

• Brown rice is said to be good for your health.

• To be good for your health is brown rice said.

Multiple Select

It is said that many of my classmates are contact lens users.

と同じ意味を持つ文を2つ選ぼう。

• They are said to be contact lens users.

• They say that many of my classmates are contact lens users

• That many of my classmates are contact lens users is said.

• Many of my classmates are said to be contact lens users.

群動詞を含む表現

群動詞(メモ5)

＝ 動詞＋前置詞／副詞の形で1つの動詞として働くもの

→受動態では、群動詞全体を1つの他動詞とみなす

「動詞＋前置詞」例）laugh at 〜 / break down

「動詞＋副詞」例) bring up 〜

「動詞＋副詞＋前置詞」例) look up to 〜

「動詞＋名詞＋前置詞」例) take care of 〜

Poll

考えてみよう。

The girl spoke to me yesterday.

を受動態にするとどうなると思う？

• I was spoken by the girl yesterday.

• The girl was spoken by me yesterday.

• I was spoken to by the girl yesterday.

• I spoke to the girl yesterday.

能動態の文(メモ5)

Jin laughed at me.「ジンは私を笑った。」

​

受動態の文は

I was laughed at by Jin.

​

群動詞 laugh at は1つの塊で動作を表すため

atは消してはいけない！

Multiple Choice

My grandmother brought up me.

を受動態にすると？

• I was brought me up by my grandmother.

• I was brought by my mother.

• My grandmother brought up by me.

• I was brought up by my grandmother.

Multiple Choice

Everyone looks up to Ms. Smith.

群動詞を用いた文を受動態に書き換えると…

• Ms. Smith is looked up to by everyone.

• Ms. Smith is looked up by everyone.

• Everyone is looked up to by Ms. Smith.

• Ms. Smith looks up to everyone.

能動態の文

Everyone looks up to Ms. Smith.

「皆スミスさんと尊敬している。」

受動態の文

Ms. Smith is looked up to by everyone.

​

※群動詞 look up to は1つの塊で動作を表すため

up toは消してはいけない！

s

by以外の前置詞を用いた表現(メモ6)

・be caught in 〜 ：～に遭う(巻き込まれる)

• be filled with 〜：～でいっぱいだ(満たされている)

• be covered with 〜：～に覆われる

• be made from(of) 〜：～で作られる

• ​be known to ～ : ～に知られている

  など

Open Ended

Make a sentence using the expressions below.

be caught in 〜 ：～に遭う(巻き込まれる)

be filled with 〜：～でいっぱいだ(満たされている)

be covered with 〜：～に覆われる

be made from(of) 〜：～で作られる

​be known to ～ : ～に知られている

など

Multiple Choice

His movie is known ( ) many people.

「彼の映画は多くの人々に知られている。」

• to

• by

• in

• for

Multiple Choice

I ＿＿＿ a shower on my way home.

「私は帰り道雨に降られた。」

• was caught by

• was caught in

• was caught up with by

• was caught

Fill in the Blanks

日本語では能動態で表すが

英語では受動態を使う表現

受動態を用いた感情や心理状態を表す表現(メモ7)

• ～に驚く：be surprised / be amazed (at / byなど)

• がっかりする：be disappointed (at / by / withなど)

• ワクワクする：be excited (about / atなど)

• 関心を持つ／興味がある：be interested in ～

• ～について心配する：be worried about ～

• ～に喜ぶ：be pleased with ～

Multiple Select

受動態を用いた、感情や心理状態を表す表現として使われるものを4つ選ぼう。

• be surprised at 〜

• be spoken to

• be interested in 〜

• be satisfied with 〜

• be excited about 〜

Multiple Choice

兄は新しい仕事に満足している。

My brother ＿＿＿ his new job.

• is disappointed with

• is excited about

• is pleased with

• is satisfied with

Multiple Choice

Jane is worried about the next exam.

受動態を用いた被害を表す表現(メモ8)

• 遅れる：be delayed (by / because of / due to)

• (事故などで)ケガをする：be injured(inなど)

• 気分を悪くする／傷つく：be hurt (inなど)

• (攻撃によって)損傷を受ける／傷つく：be wounded (in / whileなど)

• 倒れる／死亡する／倒れる：be killed (inなど)

Multiple Select

受動態を用いて被害を表す表現を4つ選ぼう。

• be hurt

• be killed

• be delayed(by) 〜

• be wounded

• be lent

受動態

「する側(加害者)」を明示する場合はbyをつける

「する側(加害者)」を示さない(示したくない/示す必要がない)場合は

byをつけない

～のために(せいで)遅れる

be delayed by / due to / because of ＋ 名詞

​

​～だから遅れる

be delayed because because S' V'(文)

Multiple Select

「彼女の(乗っていた)電車はひどい雪のために遅れた。」

Her train ＿＿＿.

下線部に入る語を4つ選ぼう。

• was delayed because of it was heavy snow

• was delayed by the heavy snow

• was delayed because it snowed heavily

• was delayed because of the heavy snow

• was delayed due to the heavy snow

その他の慣用表現

be crowded with 〜 〜で混雑する

be dressed in 〜　〜を着る

be married to O　〜と結婚する(=marry O)

be born 〜　生まれる

Multiple Select

She is married.

She got married.

She married Tom.

She has been married to Tom for ten years.

この中で、今も婚姻状態にあるのが確実なのはどれ？2つ選ぼう。

• She is married.

• She got married.

• She married Tom.

• She has been married to Tom for ten years.

Multiple Choice

My birth month is September.

≒ I ____ in September.

• was born

• am born

• was born by

• has born

Multiple Choice

He is always wearing jeans.

≒ He is always ____ jeans.

• caught in

• worn out

• dressed by

• dressed in