Present Perfect Tense (現在完成式)

Present Perfect Tense (現在完成式)

現在完成式 S + have/ has + p.p.

• 主詞為I, you, we, they時，助動詞為 have

  
  

• 主詞為he, she, it時，助動詞為 has (第三人稱單數)

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主詞 與 助動詞 have/ has 的縮寫

• I have = I've

• you have = you've

• we have = we've

• they have = they've

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助動詞 have/ has 和 not 的縮寫

• have not= haven't

• has not= hasn't

四、疑問句

• Has he finished his homework?

• Has Sandy watched/ seen the movie?

1) 表示動作已經完成或還沒完成

• 肯定句可加入already (句中或句尾) 或 just (句中)

•  She has already arrived. or  She has arrived already.

• We have just eaten the soup.

否定句或疑問句可加入 yet (句尾)

• I haven’t said no yet.

• Have you talked to him yet ?

現在完成式 V.S. 過去式

• https://www.core-corner.com/Web/Main.php?stat=a_O8mHhw5

• 過去式：The computer crashed. --> 強調過去某個時間發生的事

• 現在完成式：The computer has crashed. --> 暗示目前狀態仍是壞掉的

2) 從過去到現在曾有過的經驗或未曾有過的經驗

• ever, never, before, once, twice, many times

•  疑問句可加入 ever

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現在完成式 V.S. 過去式

• 過去式：I saw the movie the other day. --> 強調過去某時間看過

• 現在完成式：I have seen the movie twice. --> 強調已經看過 (經驗)

Multiple Select

What does "the other day" mean?

• 改天

• 前幾天

• 隔天

3) 表示動作、狀態從過去持續到現在

• They have lived in Taiwan for twenty years.

• The students have learned English since 2009.

• I have known Linda since I was six years old.

• The teacher has been in the classroom since ten minutes ago.

• How long have you taught them?

  
  

• It has been hot recently. 

• Have I told you lately that I love you?

現在完成式 V.S. 過去式

• They lived in Taiwan for twenty years. 過去住在台灣二十年，現在可能已不在台灣

• I have lived in Taiwan for thirty years. 已經住在台灣三十年了，代表到目前為止，仍住在台灣

Multiple Select

他曾經去過中國。

• He has gone to China.

• He has been to China.

have been to V.S. have gone to

• be動詞表示存在狀態，與地點合用，表示曾經處於某地

• My sister has been to Paris. 去過日本，表示經驗，現在人已經回來了

• go是動作，從一點移置另一點，並且是遠離說話者，所以完成式代表已經離開原地到另一地

• My sister has gone to London. 已經前往倫敦，可能在飛機上或以到達倫敦，不在說話者所處的地方

Multiple Select

Kobe 已經死兩年了。

• Kobe has died for two years.

• Kobe has been dead for two years.

have died V.S. have been dead

• Alien died in 2020. --> 強調過去時間點過世

• The man has just died. --> 動作完成，表示剛死

• Kobe has been dead for two years. --> 強調死去的狀態，從過去時間延伸到現在