Brief Structure, Particles, and Bonding Review

Structure, Particles, and Bonding Review

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​Timeline of Atoms

​1. "Atoms" exist (Dalton)

​2. Discovery of electron: overall positive charge with negative charges throughout (Thomson)

​3. Atoms are mostly empty space with a positive charge in the middle (Rutherford)

​4. Electrons move in orbits/ energy levels (Bohr)

​5. Atoms have neutrons (Chadwick)

​Subatomic Particles

​Protons are ______________ and live in the ___________

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Neutrons are ______________ and live in the ____________

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Electrons are ______________ and live in the ____________

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Multiple Choice

All of the mass of an atom comes from the _________ and _________ in the __________. 

• protons and electrons in the atom

• protons and neutrons in the nucleus

• neutrons and electrons in the atom

Open Ended

Describe the difference between atomic number and mass number.

​Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for gold.

Fill in the Blanks

Atomic number is at the top of an element box and tells us the number of

. 

​Compare Element Box and Element Symbol

​Gold: 79 protons 196.967amu Au

Multiple Choice

What is the proton number for Ruthenium?

• 101

• 44

• 57

Open Ended

Balance the number of ________ and ________ in neutral atoms.

​Write the Atomic Symbols for:

​Nickel (Ni) Selenium (Se) Strontium (Sr)

Multiple Choice

Select the correct answer below about bonds.

• Ionic bonds and covalent bonds both share electrons.

• Ionic bonds share and covalent bonds transfer electrons.

• Ionic bonds transfer and covalent bonds share electrons.

• Ionic bonds and covalent bonds both transfer electrons.

Multiple Select

What did the gold foil experiment determine?

• Mostly empty space

• Presence of a nucleus

• Presence of electron shells

• Protons have a positive charge

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of the subatomic particles?

• Electrons 1

  Protons 1 

  Neutrons 0

• Electrons 0

  Protons +1

  Neutrons -1

• Electrons -1

  Protons +1

  Neutrons 0

• Electrons -1

  Protons 0

  Neutrons +1

Open Ended

How do you determine the ionic charge of an atom?

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number and mass number for Selenium?

• Atomic #: 79

  Mass #: 79

• Atomic #: 79

  Mass #: 34

• Atomic #: 34

  Mass #: 79

Open Ended

Describe the difference between a neutron and electron (give at least two differences).

Open Ended

Explain how to determine the neutron number in an element.

Multiple Choice

What is the best model for the atom?

• Bohr

• Chadwick

• Dalton

• Thomson

• Rutherford

Multiple Choice

How many electrons are in a neutral Strontium?

• 88

• 38

• 36

• 40

Multiple Choice

Metals ______ electrons and nonmetals ______ electrons

• Metals gain

  Nonmetals lose

• Metals and nonmetals gain

• Metals and nonmetals lose

• Metals lose

  Nonmetals gain

Open Ended

Nonmetals can participate in ______________ bonding.

Open Ended

Why do atoms need to form bonds?

Multiple Choice

What subatomic particle allows atoms to bond?

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

• All three

• Protons and Neutrons

Open Ended

Why can't protons be used in bonding?

Multiple Select

Why do metals lose electrons?

• Metals have lots of shielding to allow easy removal of outer electrons

• Metals would rather lose electrons to complete their octets

• Metals don't lose electrons, they gain them

• Metals are weak and can't fight other atoms for extra electrons

Multiple Choice

What is the highest order of bonds nitrogen can make?

• Single covalent

• Double covalent

• Triple covalent

• Ionic

Open Ended

What is the difference between bonding and nonbonding electrons?

Open Ended

What is the importance of valence electrons? Give as many reasons as you can.