Earth's Resources

Earth's Resources

Comprehension Lesson

ENERGY IS THE KEY

We use a lot of energy to live. Whether we’re playing, studying, or eating, energy makes these activities possible. We also use energy for production—to run machines, for instance. Much of this energy comes from fuels like oil, coal, or natural gas. These fuels are used to make the blacktop and basketballs at recess, as well as generate the electricity for the lights all around you. Think of all the energy required to plant, grow, harvest, transport, and cook your lunch, and you can start to understand that energy is a key to life!

Multiple Choice

What do people use energy for?

• People use energy to cause massive floods

• People use energy to create more oil and coal

• People use energy to play, study, and live.

• People use energy to minimize sustainable benefits from the sun

NATURAL, BUT NOT FOREVER

Fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal are important natural resources. They are known as fossil fuels and take millions of years to form. We’ve used them for hundreds of years, and they’ve powered everything from planes and trains to cars and computers. Unfortunately, fossil fuels are non-renewable forms of energy. Our power plants burn them faster than nature makes them, and when they are burned, power plants create emissions harmful to the environment.

To use fossil fuels, we first need to get them out of the earth with technologies like oil rigs, coal mines, and natural gas wells. The drilling, mining, and pumping of these natural resources often require very large operations. These procedures result in producing the important energy we need, but they need fossil fuels themselves to operate and can often negatively impact the land where these fuels are found

Open Ended

Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment?

POWERING THE FUTURE

Fortunately, there are forms of renewable energy out there. They also come from nature and don’t harm the environment as much as fossil fuels. Furthermore, they aren’t consumed to produce energy, so we can use them again and again. One form of renewable energy is solar energy. Solar energy uses solar panels, which collect sunlight and convert it directly into electricity.

Multiple Select

Read the following sentences: “Fortunately, there are forms of renewable energy out there. They also come from nature and don’t harm the environment as much as fossil fuels. Furthermore, they aren’t consumed to produce energy, so we can use them again and again.”What does the word renewable mean?

• harmful to the environment

• able to be used more than once

• are used up to produce more energy

• made in the United States

Wind Energy & Hydropower

Another form of renewable energy is wind energy. Like an extremely large pinwheel, wind turbines have blades that rotate when the wind blows, and this movement generates electricity. Some solar and wind energy power plants are connected to batteries so they can supply electricity even when the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing.

Open Ended

Where does wind energy come from

One form of renewable energy that has been around for a very long time is hydropower. Hydropower is energy produced by falling and running water. Hydropower technologies can be as simple as a watermill on a stream or as complex as a hydroelectricity dam. Hydropower is a great source of renewable energy: in Washington state (in the USA), for instance, it produces approximately 75% of the entire state’s energy!

Hydropower at Work

THE RIGHT PLAN

Using renewable energy is a good way to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, though renewable energies have some negative impacts on the earth as well. Hydropower plants can generate a lot of energy and electricity, but their existence can dramatically alter the environment around them. Many hydropower plants use dams to create electricity. Fish can be easily blocked by a dam and prevented from swimming to important spawning grounds. Dams can also fail and cause massive flooding. Also, in the event of a drought, the electricity produced could truly be limited to a trickle!

Open Ended

What effects does hydropower have on the environment?

Solar power plants are usually built in deserts where sunshine is reliable and strong, but the desert land that is disrupted for the construction and operation of these power plants is actually rich with plant and animal life.

Wind energy power plants are called wind farms and require a lot of lands. Though each turbine only takes up a small area of land, wind farms can easily have hundreds or thousands of turbines. With that many turbines together, their presence can easily affect birds, bats, and other wildlife in the area.

Multiple Select

What is true of all types of energy discussed in the passage?

• They vary in their source

• They all can have a negative impact on the environment

• They are the only options available

• They are all renewable

However, by carefully planning the locations of renewable energy power plants, their harmful impact on the planet can be minimized and their renewable and sustainable benefits maximized.

LOOKING FORWARD

Almost everything we do requires some sort of energy. It’s important to understand where our energy comes from, how it is produced, and what effect each type has on our environment. As technology improves, we can balance the use of non-renewable fossil fuels with renewable energy for a healthier planet.

Open Ended

The passage states that it is “important to understand where our energy comes from, how it is produced and what effect each type has on our environment.” Explain why understanding these things is important, using evidence from the passage

Multiple Choice

What does the passage compare and contrast with fossil fuels? The passage compares and contrasts playing, studying, and eating with fossil fuels.

• The passage compares and contrasts playing, studying, and eating with fossil fuels.

• The passage compares and contrasts coal mines and natural gas wells with fossil fuels.

• The passage compares and contrasts forms of renewable energy with fossil fuels.

• The passage compares and contrasts the energy used in Washington State with fossil fuels.

Multiple Choice

Humans use energy from several different sources. What evidence from the passage supports this statement?

• People use energy to play, study, eat, make basketballs, and generate electricity

• People use energy from natural gas, oil, coal, the sun, wind, and water

• Wind turbines can affect birds, bats, and other wildlife around them

• When a dam that produces hydropower fails, it can cause massive flooding

Multiple Select

What is the trend in energy consumption as we look further into the future?

• Usage of renewable energy sources is on the decreasing

• Usage of nonrenewable energy sources is decreasing

• Usage of renewable energy sources is on the increasing

• Usage of nonrenewable energy sources is increasing