Earth Science Review Lesson

Earth Science Review Lesson

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Multiple Choice

Which of these choices is the best definition of absolute dating?

• determining the age of a rock layer by studying the fossils present

• finding the age of an object compared to other objects

• measuring the age of an object in years using any method

• determining the amount of a radioactive isotope in an object

Multiple Choice

What could you conclude if you discovered this fossil on top of a mountain?

• This organism is now extinct.

• This trace fossil is older than the mountaintop.

• The mountaintop is made of metamorphic rock.

• The rocks on this mountaintop were once at the bottom of an ocean.

Multiple Choice

SC.7.E.6.4

Scientists have found evidence that suggests that parts of Florida were once underwater.

What kind of evidence could suggest this?

a. fossils found in igneous rock

b. fossils of marine animals

c. artifacts of tools once used for fishing

d. fossils of insects that can be found in Florida today

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

SC.7.E.6.3

Fossils are the preserved remains of organisms that lived long ago. According to the law of superposition, the rock layers that contain fossils should be far below Earth’s surface. Which answer best explains why fossils are sometimes found at or near the surface?

a. Fossils are less dense than rock, so they rise to the surface.

b. Fossils are moved to the surface by other organisms.

c. Sedimentary rock layers are relatively soft, and new fossils sink through upper layers

into older, deeper layers.

d. Some rock layers with fossils have been exposed because of different processes, such as faulting, folding, and weathering.

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

1. The diagram shows the folding of rock layers that occurs in the process of mountain building.

Which layer in the diagram is the youngest?

• Layer L

• Layer M

• Layer N

• Layer Q

Multiple Choice

Fossils provide information about the layers of rock in which they are found. For example, the fish fossil indicates that the sediments in the surrounding rock were deposited in or near a body of water.

What information does the fish fossil provide about the age of the rock layer surrounding it?

• The rock is younger than the fossil.

• The rock is older than the fossil.

• The rock and fossil are the same age.

• The age of the rock is unrelated to the age of the fossil.

Multiple Choice

The rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon range in age from 2 billion to 230 million years. What would a scientist need in order to compare the ages of rocks from two different parts of the canyon?

• the location of each rock

• the size and hardness of each rock

• the size of the crystals that make up the rock

• the radioactive elements in each rock

Multiple Choice

Principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top 

• superposition 
• uniformitarianism
• half-life

Multiple Choice

Method by which a geologist can calculate the absolute age of the rock by knowing the half-life of an isotope 

• radiometric dating
• relative dating
• absolute dating

Multiple Choice

Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 

• A,B,C,D
• D,C,B,A

Multiple Choice

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 

• At the top of the rock layers
• Near the bottom of the rock layers
• In the middle of the rock layers
• Somewhat near the surface

Multiple Choice

_{Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?}

• F
• E
• B
• A

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?

• A, B, C, D, E
• E, B, C, D, A
• E, D, C, B, A
• C, B, A, D, E

Multiple Choice

Rock that forms when sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.

• Sedimentary Rock
• Metamorphic Rock
• Igneous Rock

Multiple Choice

The process by which igneous rocks are formed...

• heat and pressure
• melting and cooling
• weathering and erosion

Multiple Choice

The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...

• heat and pressure
• erosion and deposition
• melting and cooling

Multiple Choice

Rock that forms when pressure and temperature change existing rock.

• Igneous Rock
• Sedimentary Rock
• Metamorphic Rock
• Rock Cycle

Multiple Choice

The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.

• texture
• weathering
• sediment
• erosion

Multiple Choice

_______ rock forms from magma/lava

• Metamorphic
• Sedimentary
• Igneous

Multiple Choice

Cooling & crystalization produce

• igneous rocks
• metamorphic rocks
• sedimentary rocks

Multiple Choice

The San Andrea's Fault in California is which type of boundary?

• Convergent
• Divergent
• Subductive Zone
• Transform

Multiple Choice

At which type of boundary are mountains formed?

• Convergent
• Divergent
• Subductive Zone
• Transform

Multiple Choice

At which type of plate boundary does seafloor spreading occur?

• Tranform
• Convergent
• Divergent
• Subductive Zone

Multiple Choice

What is the area where two tectonic plates meet called?

• collision
• mid-ocean ridge
• a boundry
• a rift zone

Multiple Choice

What type of boundary is formed when plates collide?

• convergent
• horizontal
• divergent
• transform

Multiple Choice

What type of boundary is formed when plates separate?

• convergent
• horizontal
• divergent
• transform

Multiple Choice

The deep interior of the Earth can be mapped using

• seismic waves.
• sonar.
• information from drilling expeditions.
• ocean waves.

Multiple Choice

According to the continental drift theory, a single, huge continent once existed called

• Pangaea.
• Wegener.
• Panthalassa.
• Euraisa.

Multiple Choice

What layer of earth changes because of the convection cycle?

• Crust

• Core

• Mantle

Multiple Choice

Occurs when compacted sediments stick together and turn into rock.

• Cementation
• Magma
• Volcanic eruption
• Metamorphic rock
• Compaction

Multiple Choice

Occurs when rock particles or sediments are pressed together or packed down by gravity and the pressure of overlying rock layers.

• Compaction
• Ocean trench
• Rock cycle
• Plate tectonic theory
• Earth's evolution

Multiple Choice

The process by which gravity, water, wind, and ice deposit weathered and relocated sediment.

• Deposition
• Sedimentary rock
• Ocean trench
• Magma
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

Originally, Earth was partly molten, allowing dense metals to sink to its core and less dense material to separate into layers around the core. Over time, many changes have built up and worn down features on Earth's surface.

• Earth's evolution
• Cementation
• Heat and pressure
• Lava
• Magma

Multiple Choice

The process by which water, ice, wind, and gravity remove and transport sediment from one place to another.

• Erosion

• Heat and pressure

• Igneous rock

• Mineral composition

• Sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

Changing variables due to the weight of overlying rocks, causing changes to rock characteristics and mineral composition, thus forming metamorphic rocks.

• Heat and pressure
• Volcanic eruption
• Earth's evolution
• Compaction
• Sedimentary rock

Multiple Select

select all 3 types of soft sediment

• silt

• glass

• sand

• mud

• porcelain

Multiple Choice

What is the breakdown of the Earth’s crust into sediment called?

• erosion

• deposition

• weathering

• whooshing

Multiple Choice

What is it called when weathered rock is carried away?

• weathering

• erosion

• deposition

• breaking

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an example of erosion?

• light shining onto a mountain

• wind blowing away sediment

• rain breaking down rock

• all options are correct

Multiple Choice

Which of these terms describes the process of acid rain wearing out limestone?

• deposition

• chemical weathering

• physical weathering

• erosion

Multiple Choice

Which one of the examples below is physical weathering?

• lichens growing on rock

• acid rain wearing away limestone

• oxidation (rusting) of a flag pole

• frost wedging splitting a rock apart

Multiple Choice

This is the process of dropping sediment in a new location.

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition