Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

by Robert Bolomey

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​Properties of matter

• ​Solids- particles are tightly packed, vibrate in place and have a definite volume and shape.

• ​Liquids- Particles are loose and can move, they have a definite volume, but not a definite shape.

• ​Gases- Particles are spread far and move easily, they have no definite shape or volume

• ​Plasma- particles are loose and can move like water, but have no definite shape or volume like gas and are electrically charged.

​Other properties of liquid

• ​surface tension- the pulling of molecules toward each other.

• ​viscosity- the resistance of flowing

Draw

Draw the particle organization of each of the 4 states of matter.

Open Ended

What is the main cause of the change of states of matter?

Thermal energy and temperature​

• ​thermal energy - the total kinetic and potential energy of an object or substance

• ​temperature- the measure of kinetic energy of an object or substance, the faster the movement the higher the temperature. heat always flows form hotter objects to cooler objects.

Poll

At what temperature Celcius does water freeze?

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• 100

• 50

• 30

Poll

At what temperature Celcius does water boil?

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• 200

Poll

At what temperature Celcius does ice start to melt?

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• 200

Open Ended

Look at the graph on page 163. What is the freezing point for this substance?

Open Ended

Look at the graph on page 163. What is the melting point for this substance?

Open Ended

Look at the graph on page 163 and question 3. What is the substance represented by the graph?

The effects of pressure​

Pressure = Force/​Area, it is caused by gases pushing on a surface. The atmosphere (air around you) is constantly applying pressure to you. This pressure can also effect the boiling point of water. Places high in the atmosphere require a lower temperature to boil water.

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Open Ended

Why do you think places higher in the atmosphere require a lower temperature to boil water?

Open Ended

Which image would require more thermal energy to change into a gas?

​Condensation

​This is when gas turns into a liquid.

​Takes place when gas cools down.

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​When you see gas, such as clouds, fog, or water vapor from a boiling pot, you are actually seeing tiny droplets of liquid that are suspended in air.

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Multiple Choice

When gas condenses it turns back into liquid. What allows you to see things like fog, clouds, or water vapor?

• tiny droplets of liquid

• large particles of gas

• frozen bits of liquid

• particles that have slowed so much they have become solids

​sublimation

​This is when solids don't melt, instead they turn directly into a gas. This is caused by the solids gaining so much energy so quickly, they cannot exist as a liquid.

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