G9 Chap 6.4 - Building Blocks of Life

The Building Blocks of Life

Chapter 6 Section 4

Organic Molecules

• Life on Earth is "carbon-based"

  • ​Almost all molecules in living things contain the element CARBON

• Carbon can easily bond with other elements = can make many different molecules

​Macromolecule

A large molecule made of many small molecules linked together

• Macro = large

• Molecule = group of atoms

​

Monomer - 1 single molecule (mono = 1)

Polymer - many molecules linked together (poly = many)

Macromolecule and Polymer = same thing

​4 Macromolecules That Make All Cells

• ​Carbohydrates

  • monosaccharide

• Lipids

  • ​fatty acid + glycerol

• Proteins

  • amino acid

• N​ucleic Acids

  • nucleotide

Draw

Draw monomers linked together, forming a polymer

​Carbohydrate

• ​Made of (CH₂O)n

  • ​C = carbon = carbo

  • H₂O = water = hydrate

  • ​n = number of units in the chain

• Monomer is ​Monosaccharide

  • Example: glucose (sugar)

• ​Disaccharaide - 2 monos linked together

  • Example: ​lactose (milk)

• ​Polysaccharide - hundreds of monos

  • ​Example: glycogen (energy stored in muscles)

​Carbohydrates

FUNCTIONS​:

• Energy source

  • ​Carbs are broken down into monomers to use for energy

• Structural support

  • ​Cell wall in plants

  • Muscle tissue in animals​

FOODS:

• Mono/Di-saccharides = ​Simple Carbs

  • ​table sugar, milk, candy, soda

• Polysaccharides = Complex Carbs

  • ​wheat, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits, veggies

​Carbohydrates

How many?

Carbon - _____

Hydrogen - ______

Oxygen - _____



(CH₂O)_n n = _____

​Carbohydrates

How many?

Carbon - 6

Hydrogen - 12

Oxygen - 6



(CH₂O)_n n = C₆H₁₂O₆

Multiple Choice

The monomer for carbohydrates is called a ____________

• amino acid

• nucleic acid

• monosaccharide

• fatty acid + glycerol

Multiple Choice

Your body breaks down carbs you have eaten into __________

• monomers

• polymers

Multiple Choice

Which type of carb is healthier to eat?

• Complex carbs

• Simple Carbs

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are used for energy and _________________

• speed up reactions

• transport substances

• structural support

• store genetic information

Lipids ​

• ​Made mostly of C and H (and some O)

• ​Monomer is Fatty acid + Glycerol

FUNCTIONS:

• ​Creates barriers in the cell

  • Lipids repel water​

    • Phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane

• ​Makes hormones and cholesterol

• Energy source when Carbs are low

​Lipids

FOODS:

• Fats, oils, nuts, butter

Multiple Choice

The monomer for lipids is

• nucleic acid

• amino acid

• fatty acid + glycerol

• monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

Lipids store energy and ______________

• create barriers

• create DNA

• create proteins

Multiple Choice

Lipids ____________ water

• attract

• repel

• are the same as

​Protein

• ​Made of C H O and Nitrogen

• ​Monomer is Amino Acid

  • 20 different amino acids

    • ​Some your body can make, some you must eat

• ​Human body is 15% protein - Muscle, skin, hair

• ​10,000 different proteins within cells

FUNCTIONS:

• ​structural support

• transport substances

• cell communication

• speed up reactions

​FOODS:
Meat, eggs, beans, tofu

​Protein

STRUCTURE:

• ​Proteins fold into unique 3D shapes = gives the protein a unique function

  • 2 main shapes are

    • Helix

    • Pleat

Multiple Choice

The monomer for protein is

• msaccharide

• amino acid

• fatty acid + glycerol

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

There are ____ different amino acids

• 5

• 10

• 20

• 50

Multiple Choice

Protein is used in the body for

• structural support

• communication in cells

• muscles, skin and hair

• all answers are correct

Multiple Choice

It is possible for the human body to make all 20 amino acids it needs

• true

• false

​Nucleic Acids

• ​Made of C H O N and Phosphorus

• ​Monomer is Nucleotide

FUNCTION:

• Makes DNA

  • Contains genetic information (genes) inside every cell

• Makes RNA

  • Uses information from DNA to make proteins

FOODS:

• ​DNA is in all living things = is in everything we eat!

​Nucleic Acids

STRUCTURE:

• Nucleotides have 3 units (pieces)

  • phosphate group

  • nitrogen base

  • sugar

Multiple Choice

The monomer for nucleic acids is

• monosaccharide

• amino acid

• nucleotide

• fatty acid + glycerol

Multiple Choice

Nucleic acids contain genetic information (genes)

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Everything we eat contains

• protein

• carbs

• lipids

• nucleic acids

Video - MooMoo Math and Science - Beginners Guide to Macromolecules

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XH8VyUVh-8U

Video - Amoeba Sisters - Biomolecules

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Dx7LDwINLU