Rise of Fascism

Great Depression & New Deal Review

Multiple Choice

This New Deal program was created to give benefits to older, retired workers

• Social Security

• Welfare

• SNAP Benefits

• National Recovery Administration

Multiple Choice

If you would have lived during the Depression in rural America, you might have supported the government's plan to provide electricity to rural areas. Specifically, you would have supported funding for the

• Works Progress Administration

• Social Security

• Tennessee Valley Authority

• Civilian Conservation Corps

Multiple Select

Choose all of the items that represent a cause of the Great Depression.

• Shift to urban centered populations

• Increase in consumer credit and higher debt

• Higher disparity in wealth between upper and working class families

• Over speculation in the Market and buying stocks on margin

• Funding New Deal programs

Multiple Choice

After years of massive unemployment during the Great Depression

• The federal government ordered the states to create more jobs

• The American people elected a new president with a NEW DEAL for America

• The US went to war to stimulate the economy

• Congress passed a constitutional amendment banning the sell of alcohol.

Multiple Choice

Herbert Hoover's solution to easing the Great Depression was primarily to

• lower tariff thus increasing global trade

• provide no help at all to American businesses or citizens

• Provide bonus checks to all American citizens who were unemployed

• Provide some relief to bankers, but leave relief to the poor for private charities.

Multiple Choice

This was a federally sponsored corporation which insures deposits in national banks and certain other qualifying financial institutions up to a stated amount.

• Works Progress Administration

• Franklin D. Roosevelt

• Bank Security Institute

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Rise of Fascism

By Kelsea Savarimuthu

Failures after WWI

1. Treaty of Versailles

2. ​Weak League of Nations

3. Washington Naval Conference

4. Kellogg-Briand Pact​

• French military officials boycott

  • "This is not peace, this is an armistice for 20 years."

• ​​Weakened alliances

• Germany no longer has strong powers on either side

  Very little oversight - Germany ​

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Treaty of Versailles 1919

Conferences

All signers agree to not use war to advance their foreign policy

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Governments would reduce Naval ships and Navy budgets

Washington Naval

Multiple Choice

The Kellogg-Briand Treaty (1928) was a failed attempt for nations of the world to

• prevent war

• eliminate world hunger

• end Hitler's expansion in Europe

• prevent poverty

• ​Generals claim defeat in WWI

• Weimar Republic 1919-1933​

  • Blame for Germany's humiliation

• ​Generals begin to circulate that it was the enemies within that sabotage Germany in WWI.

  • Jewish & Socialist were the reason for defeat

• Inflation

• 30+ political parties & extremist on the right and left that had violent outbreaks​

Germany

Multiple Choice

The Weimar Republic was the ___ government in Germany following WWI.

• anarchist

• Communist

• Democratic

• Fascist

Power Vacuum

In both Asia & Europe

Power Vacuum happens when a major world power looses control and there is no one to replace them.

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Asia- China, fall of the Dynastic system.

Europe- Weakening of France & Russia​

Rise of Fascism in Europe

Benito Mussolini

​Italy

​Fascism:

1. ​Powerful Nationalism

2. Supremacy of the Military

3. ​Disregard for human rights

4. Controlled Mass Media

5. Obsessed with national security- fear to motivate

6. Common Enemy​

Civil War in Spain

• Elect left-leaning government

• ​Francisco Franco and Spanish military do not recognize the legitimacy of government

• Italian military assists Franco in overthrowing the government

• Can the ideals of democracy survive a pro-fascist coup?

• War of opposing ideologies​

• ​“All the war-propaganda, all the screaming and lies and hatred, comes invariably from people who are not fighting.” - George Orwell

Open Ended

How can being a part of a group effect your ability to make a choice?

Choice

Universe of Obligation: What does it mean to be a member of a group?

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In groups we meet our most basic needs; in groups we learn a language and a culture or way of life. In groups we also satisfy our yearning to belong, receive comfort in times of trouble, and find companions who share our dreams, values, and beliefs. Groups also provide security and protection from those who might wish to do us harm. Therefore, how a group defines its membership matters. Belonging can have significant advantages; being excluded can leave a person vulnerable.

How the members of a group, a nation, or a community define who belongs and who does not has a lot to do with how they define their universe of obligation. Sociologist Helen Fein coined this phrase to describe the group of individuals within a society “toward whom obligations are owed, to whom rules apply, and whose injuries call for amends.”

 In other words, a society’s universe of obligation includes those people who that society believes deserve respect and whose rights it believes are worthy of protection.

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Eighteenth-century philosopher David Hume (as paraphrased by Rabbi Jonathan Sacks): “Our sense of empathy diminishes as we move outward from the members of our family to our neighbors, our society, and the world. Traditionally, our sense of involvement with the fate of others has been in inverse proportion to the distance separating us and them."

Open Ended

After watching this video, what choices do you see that Germans made in the 1920s and 30s that helped the Nazi's gain power?

German Communist Party Platform

"We are committed to the overthrow of the presently existing, oppressive Republic and all of its economic and social institutions. We favor:

1. The abolition of private property.

2. The establishment of land reform programs, so that the government can take over the land and distribute it for the common good.

3. Government ownership of all industrial productive forces, so that they can be run for the benefit of the people rather than the capitalists.

4. A foreign policy that regards the Soviet Union as an ally against capitalism.

To the German people: The cause of your misery is the fact that French, British, and American capitalists are exploiting German workers to get rich themselves. Germans, unite to get rid of this terrible burden."

German NAZI Party Platform

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In February 1920, the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) came up with a 25-point program. Included in the party’s new program were the following points:

1. A union of all Germans to form a great Germany on the basis of the right to self-determination of peoples.

2. Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles.

3. Land and territory (colonies) for our surplus population.

4. German blood as a requirement for German citizenship. No Jew can be a member of the nation.

5. Non-citizens can live in Germany only as foreigners, subject to the law of aliens.

6. Only citizens can vote or hold public office.

7. The state insures that every citizen live decently and earn his livelihood. If it is impossible to provide food for the whole population, then aliens must be expelled.

8. No further immigration of non-Germans. Any non-German who entered Germany after August 2,1914, shall leave immediately.

9. A thorough reconstruction of our national system of education. The science of citizenship shall be taught from the beginning.

All newspapers must be published in the German language by German citizens and owners.

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Open Ended

Hermann Struts, a lieutenant in the German army, fought bravely during the war. He comes from a long line of army officers and is himself a graduate of the German military academy. Struts has always taken pride in the army’s able defense of the nation and its strong leadership. Yet Struts is bitter about the fact that he has not had a promotion in over ten years. Few soldiers have, mainly because the German army was so drastically reduced by the Treaty of Versailles. In the old army, Struts would have been at least a captain by now and possibly a major. The treaty, he argues, has done irreparable harm not only to Germany’s honor but also to his own honor as a soldier. He feels that if the civilian government had refused to sign the treaty and allowed the army to fight, both he and Germany would be better off.

Which party do you believe Hermann would join?

Open Ended

Gerda Munchen is the owner of a small Munich grocery store started by her parents. For years, her parents saved to send her to the university. But Munchen chose not to go, and the money stayed in the bank. In 1923, she had planned to use the money to pay for her children’s education. But that year, inflation hit Germany. Just before her older daughter was to leave for the university, the bank informed the family that its savings were worthless. This was a blow to Munchen, but even more of a blow to her daughter, whose future hung in the balance. Munchen does not think she will ever regain her savings. With so many people out of work, sales are down sharply. And Munchen’s small grocery is having a tough time competing with the large chain stores. They can offer far lower prices. She and her children question a system that has made life so difficult for hardworking people.

What party do you think Gerda belongs to?

Video: The Rise of Hitler

Open Ended

How was Hitler able to rise to power?

Multiple Choice

Which of these played a major role in the spread of both communism and fascism in Europe in between the World Wars?

• Territorial changes from the Treaty of Versailles.

• Spread of Capitalism in Europe

• Russian Revolution

• Economic hardship brought on by the Great Depression

Lesson 3.0

The Rise of Fascism

How was Hitler able to come to power in 1930s Germany? What economic, polical, and social factors played a role? How did the choices of the group effect his rise?

World War 2 - Theaters

​Next week, we are going to talk about the start of the war in both Europe and Asia.