The Mind Benders

Learning Goals

1. 3D Brain Models

2. The Use of Case Studies

3. Mnemonics

4. Active Recall

Understand learning techniques to study neuroanatomy including:​

https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=true&focus=Brain​

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1. Using an Interactive 3-D Brain Model

• 3D Models have been shown to be an effective learning tool (Arrantes et al., 2018)

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• ​Beneficial to spatial learners (Arrantes et al., 2018)

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• ​Please visit the link to go to the Interactive 3-D Brain Model

​Arantes, M., Arantes, J. & Ferreira, M.A. (2018). Tools and resources for neuroanatomy education: A systematic review. BMC Med Educ, 18(94). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1210-6

Multiple Choice

According to the 3-D Model, which structure is Broca’s Area?

• A

• B

• C

Answer: A

​Society for Neuroscience. (2022). 3D Brain. Brain Facts.org. https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=true&focus=Brain-cerebral_hemisphere-frontal_lobe-brocas_area

Multiple Choice

According to the 3-D Model, which structure is Wernicke’s Area?

• A

• B

• C

Answer: C

​Arantes, M., Arantes, J. & Ferreira, M.A. (2018). Tools and resources for neuroanatomy education: A systematic review. BMC Med Educ, 18(94). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1210-6

Society for Neuroscience. (2022). 3D Brain. Brain Facts.org. https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=true&focus=Brain-cerebral_hemisphere-frontal_lobe-brocas_area​

• Good comprehension of auditory speech and speech fluency.

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• Uses nonexistent words, random utterances

​s

• Cannot match heard words to pictures, or answer questions based on a paragraph read to them

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• No issues matching written words to a picture, or answering questions on paper about a printed paragraph

2. Practice using a case study!

​Patient R.D

Ellis, A.W., Miller, D., & Sin, G. (1983).  Wernicke's aphasia and normal language processing: A case study in cognitive neuropsychology. Cognition, 15(1-3), 111-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90036-7.​

• ​The symptoms of Patient R.D are consistent with those of a diagnosis of Wernicke’s Aphasia.

• Wernicke’s area = “what words mean”

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• Damage to Wernicke's area --> fluent aphasia,

  • Can speak with no issue but their sentences will be nonsensical.

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Ellis, A.W., Miller, D., & Sin, G. (1983).  Wernicke's aphasia and normal language processing: A case study in cognitive neuropsychology. Cognition, 15(1-3), 111-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90036-7.​

Answer: Wernicke's Aphasia

Multiple Choice

Based on your knowledge of the function of the different structures of the brain, what lobe is the damaged area of R.D’s brain in?

• Left parietal lobe

• Occipital lobe

• Temporal lobe

• Right parietal lobe

​Two Examples

​F-POT – can also remember as “Flower POT”

​

o   Frontal lobe

o   Parietal lobe

o   Occipital lobe

o   Temporal lobe

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​BROCA'S AREA

"when Broca is broke, he ​uses broken words"

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“Broke” = refers to area being damaged

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“Using broken words” = refers to trouble speaking fluently & using short utterances

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Stalder, D. R. (2005). Learning and motivational benefits of acronym use in introductory psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 32(4), 222-228. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3204_3

Open Ended

Create a mnemonic to help remember the function of Wernicke's Area.

Active Recall Quiz Time!

​Arantes, M., Arantes, J. & Ferreira, M.A. (2018). Tools and resources for neuroanatomy education: A systematic review. BMC Med Educ, 18(94). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1210-6

Multiple Choice

Remember: Where is Broca's Area Located?

• Frontal Cortex

• Temporal Cortex

• Parietal Lobe

• Occipital lobe

Multiple Choice

Where is Wernicke's Area Found?

• Frontal cortex

• Occipital lobe

• Temporal cortex

• Parietal lobe

Multiple Choice

Speech is Organized in:

• Occipital lobe

• Frontal cortex

• Broca's area

• Wernicke's area

Multiple Choice

If a patient can speak full sentences but they do not make sense this is usually a sign that the patient has damage to:

• Dorsal stream

• Ventral stream

• Wernicke's Area

• Broca's Area

Multiple Choice

If a patient has damage to their Broca’s area they can usually understand what someone is saying to them but they do not have the ability to respond back.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Patient H.M from the lecture last week: After the lobotomy, he lost the ability to create memories and he was unable to remember anything before the surgery.

• True

• False

Poll

Which learning technique do you think would be most helpful for you?

• 3D Brain Models

• Case Studies

• Mnemonics

• Active Recall

Conclusion

Thank You!

References

​ Arantes, M., Arantes, J. & Ferreira, M.A. (2018). Tools and resources for neuroanatomy education: A systematic review. BMC Med Educ, 18(94). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1210-6

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Ellis, A.W., Miller, D., & Sin, G. (1983).  Wernicke's aphasia and normal language processing: A case study in cognitive neuropsychology. Cognition, 15(1-3), 111-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90036-7.

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Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I.Q. (2015). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology (7th ed.). Worth Publishers.

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Society for Neuroscience. (2022). 3D Brain. Brain Facts.org. https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=true&focus=Brain-cerebral_hemisphere-frontal_lobe-brocas_area

​

Stalder, D. R. (2005). Learning and motivational benefits of acronym use in introductory psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 32(4), 222-228. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3204_3