American Revolution - Phase (2)

American Revolution - Phase (2)

By Mr. Fox

King George in mid-1775 declared the colonies in an "open state of rebellion".

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​If the British ever had a single strategic objective in the war, it was the Hudson River-Lake Champlain line. By taking and holding this line the British believed they could separate New England, considered to be the principal center of the rebellion, from the more malleable colonies to the southward.

Phase (2) of the War

​July 1776, the British navy arrived in New York Harbor

1. 30,000 troops

2. 10,000 sailors

3. 300 supply ships

4. 30 battleships with 1,200 cannon

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​"It was as if all of London was afloat" - American Soldier

British Forces (By the numbers)

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August 1776, was a decisive victory for the British. George Washington and the Continental Army were eventually forced to retreat all the way to Pennsylvania. The British remained in control of New York City for the rest of the Revolutionary War.​

Battle of Long Island

October 11, 1776

Lake Champlain

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Benedict Arnold's plan and America's first real navy, hold the British from invading NY​ - pushing the war until 1777.

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The map on the right, shows Arnold's plan

The Battle of Valcour Island

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Sometimes referred to as the "Crossing"​

​George Washington’s iconic victory on 26^th December 1776 over Colonel Rahl’s Hessian troops after crossing the frozen Delaware River; the battle that re-invigorated the American Revolution

Battle of Trenton

​Rome, NY

On August 12, American General Benedict Arnold led another column towards Stanwix. Arnold had only 700 men but was within striking distance of St. Leger by Aug. 20. Instead of engaging St. Leger directly, Arnold used disinformation to undermine British morale. Fearing that Arnold was marching on his lines rapidly with 3,000 men, and with growing discontent among his native allies, St. Leger abandoned the siege on August 22nd.

Fort Stanwix

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​The Battle of Saratoga occurred in September and October, 1777, during the second year of the American Revolution. It included two crucial battles, fought eighteen days apart, and was a decisive victory for the Continental Army and a crucial turning point in the Revolutionary War

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The French would join shortly after.

Saratoga

​Gentleman Johnny as he was known. His slow advance on NY and poor decisions led to the failure of the British to cut off New England in 1777.

John Burgoyne

Alexandar Hamilton was Washington's "aid to camp" playing a pivotal role in the battle of Trenton.

Hamilton & Washington

​Commanded the naval forces that chased the Americans on Lake Champlain. Poor timing led to the British winning but losing

​​Guy Carlton

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​Led forces alongside Arnold and Morgan at Saratoga. Congress considered replacing Washington with Gates at one point.

Horatio Gates

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​Important people, phase 2

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Long Island?

• British

• Americans

• French

• Indians

Multiple Choice

From what country did 9,000 Hessian troops join the British?

• Germany
• France
• Italy

Multiple Choice

Was the battle of "Trenton" an offensive or defensive battle for the Americans?

• offensive
• defensive

Multiple Choice

What type of battle was "Valcour Island"?

• Mostly naval (water)

• Land battle

• It wasn't a battle but a "seige"

• An artillery battle

Multiple Choice

What was the historical significance of the Battle of "Valcour Island"?

• It led to Benedict Arnold replacing George Washington

• It led to the British delaying their attempt at taking New York State till the next year.

• It led to the French joining the war as allies

• It led to the Americans surrendering to Britain.

Multiple Choice

What holiday was closely associated to the "Battle of Trenton"?

• Easter

• Holloween

• Christmas

• Valentines Day

Multiple Choice

How did Benedict Arnold trick the British at Fort Stanwix?

• He pretended to have more troops than he really had

• He pretended to have more cannon than he really had

• He was able to use the rivers to sneak up on the British

• He was able to make the British believe he had many Native allies.

Multiple Choice

Why was the Battle of Saratoga considered a "turning point" in the War?

• Because the British were finally able to control the colonies.

• Because the American victory led to an alliance with France.

• Because George Washington was relieved of his command after the battle.

• Because the American victory led to an alliance with Spain.

Multiple Choice

Which of the "key people" in phase two was a British Commander that lost one of the biggest battles of the war at Saratoga?

• Hamilton

• Burgoyne

• Carlton

• Gates

Multiple Choice

Which battle of phase 2 does this cartoon represent?

• Battle of Valcour Island

• Battle of Long Island

• Battle of Saratoga

• Battle of Trenton

Multiple Choice

Which Battle of Phase (2) was won without any American casualties?

• Battle of Trenton

• Battle of Valcour Island

• Battle of Long Island

• Battle of Saratoga