EMS- 5.6 Size of stars and Electromagnetic Spectrum

EMS- 5.6 Size of stars and Electromagnetic Spectrum pt. I

By: Ms. Bailey*

​Lesson Objective:

KWBAT interpret wavelengths from the electromagnetic spectrum to identify the different types of radiation.

KWBAT interpret the H-R diagram to classify stars based on their spectral class, luminosity, and temperature.​

​TEKs:

8.8(A)  describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies,  and use models such as the Hertzsprung‐Russell diagram for classification

8.8(C)  identify how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as visible light and  radio waves are used to gain information about components in the universe​

​What You Will Learn Today:

• Electromagnetic radiation travels through space or matter.

• EM waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy.

• The full range of EM radiation is called the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS).  From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.

• The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram) is used to classify stars by their luminosity, temperature, and spectral class.

• 90% of stars show a direct relationship between luminosity and temperature, which are called main sequence stars.

• The other 10% of stars can be classified as either white dwarfs, giants or supergiants.

​

​Lesson Vocabulary:

1. electromagnetic spectrum: The full range of EM radiation. it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.

2. H-R diagram: used to classify stars by their luminosity, temperature, and spectral class.​

3. main sequence: a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram as a continuous band extending from the upper left (hot, bright stars) to the lower right (cool, dim stars).

4. supergiant: a very large star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

5. Giant: a star that is larger in size and luminosity than main sequence stars.

6. white dwarf: small, dense, and hot whitish star of low luminosity​

Multiple Choice

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

• The full range of EM radiation. From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.

• The full range of EM radiation. From shortest to longest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.

• The full range of EM radiation. From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light.

Multiple Choice

What is the H-R Diagram?

• used to classify stars by their luminosity, temperature, and spectral class.

• used to classify stars by their temperature, and spectral class.

• used to classify stars by their luminosity, and spectral class.

Multiple Choice

what is a main sequence star?

• a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram as a continuous band extending from the upper left (hot, bright stars) to the lower right (cool, dim stars).

• a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram

• a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram as a broken graph band extending from the lower left (hot, bright stars) to the upper right (cool, dim stars).

Multiple Choice

what is a super giant?

• a very large star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

• a very small star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

• a medium sized star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

Multiple Choice

What is a giant?

• a star that is larger in size and luminosity than main sequence stars.

• a star that is smaller in size and luminosity than main sequence stars.

• a star that is larger in size and has a greater temperature than main sequence stars.

Multiple Choice

what is a white dwarf?

• small, dense, and hot whitish star of low luminosity​

• medium, dense, and hot whitish star of low luminosity​

• small, dense, and cool whitish star of high luminosity​

​Welcome back, Astronomers!  Today you will learn that Earth’s sun is a medium-sized star in the spiral Milky Way galaxy and the sun is thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star.  Today we’re going to explore the brightness of stars.

​Before we watch the video... Listen for the answers to the following questions:

1. ​The video compared the sun to three different stars.  What did you notice that was different about the sun and the other stars?

2. ​If the sun isn’t the biggest star, why does it look so big and bright to us from Earth?

Open Ended

If the sun isn’t the biggest star, why does it look so big and bright to us from Earth?

SS: The sun looks so big to us because...

​Reading About Electromagnetic Radiation

 

It’s a warm sunny Saturday, and Michael and Lavar have a big day planned. They’re going to ride across town to meet their friends and then go to the zoo. The boys may not realize it, but they will be bombarded by electromagnetic radiation as they ride their bikes and walk around the zoo grounds. The only kinds of radiation they can detect are visible light, which allows them to see, and infrared light, which they feel as warmth on their skin.

Q: Besides visible light and infrared light, what other kinds of electromagnetic radiation will the boys be exposed to in sunlight?

A: Sunlight consists of all the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation, from harmless radio waves to deadly gamma rays. Fortunately, Earth’s atmosphere prevents most of the harmful radiation from reaching Earth’s surface. You can read about the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation in this article.

​Electromagnetic Radiation

Electromagnetic radiation is energy that travels in waves across space as well as through matter. Most of the electromagnetic radiation on Earth comes from the sun. Like other waves, electromagnetic waves are characterized by certain wavelengths and wave frequencies. Wavelength is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy.

​what is the difference between frequency and wavelength?

​What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

​which type of ray has the highest frequency?

​Find a Partner!

Open Ended

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

SS: the electromagnetic spectrum is....

Open Ended

what is the difference between frequency and wavelength?

SS: The difference between wavelength and frequency is...

Open Ended

which type of ray has the highest frequency?

SS: ____ has the highest frequency

​EXIT TICKET TIME!!

Multiple Choice

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

• The full range of EM radiation. From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.

• The full range of EM radiation. From shortest to longest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.

• The full range of EM radiation. From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light.

Multiple Choice

What is the H-R Diagram?

• used to classify stars by their luminosity, temperature, and spectral class.

• used to classify stars by their temperature, and spectral class.

• used to classify stars by their luminosity, and spectral class.

Multiple Choice

Quasars are extremely distant celestial bodies. Investigators using a special telescope determined that a certain quasar was emitting waves with a frequency of 1 0 -2

The investigators were most likely using a telescope that detects —

• microwaves

• visible light

• x-rays

• gamma rays

Multiple Choice

what is a main sequence star?

• a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram as a continuous band extending from the upper left (hot, bright stars) to the lower right (cool, dim stars).

• a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram

• a series of star types to which most stars belong, represented on the H-R diagram as a broken graph band extending from the lower left (hot, bright stars) to the upper right (cool, dim stars).

Multiple Choice

what wavelength is represented by $$10^{-7}$$  

• visible light

• ultra violet light

• gamma rays

• radio waves

Multiple Choice

what is a super giant?

• a very large star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

• a very small star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

• a medium sized star that is even brighter than a giant, but is relatively cool.

Multiple Choice

what wavelength is represented by $$10^{-10}$$  

• x-rays

• gamma rays

• ultraviolet rays

• visible light

Multiple Choice

What is a giant?

• a star that is larger in size and luminosity than main sequence stars.

• a star that is smaller in size and luminosity than main sequence stars.

• a star that is larger in size and has a greater temperature than main sequence stars.

Multiple Choice

$$10^4$$  what frequency is represented by

• radio waves

• microwaves

• infrared rays

• visible light

Multiple Choice

what is a white dwarf?

• small, dense, and hot whitish star of low luminosity​

• medium, dense, and hot whitish star of low luminosity​

• small, dense, and cool whitish star of high luminosity​