Pan-Africanism/Independence DT Re-Performance Lesson

Pan-Africanism/Independence Movements Discovery Ticket 2

Re-Performance Lesson

Pan-Africanism is the idea that there is a global African community made up of native Africans and the descendants of African slaves and migrants across the world that should be working for African independence, peace and prosperity. The Pan-African movement called for unity among all black people for the betterment of Africa.

​

Pan-Africanism

​

The Pan-Africanism movement began in the early 19th century (1800s)when black intellectuals called for the end of colonialism and sought African self-rule. Many Africans resented the European presence and the unequal rights under colonialism fueled African's desire for self-rule. Europeans regarded Africans as, at best, second-class people and almost never as fellow citizens.

​

Pan-Africanism

​

During European colonialism, the Europeans exploited African lands. African societies and cultures were belittled and viewed as quaint and inferior oddities. Overall, Africans wanted independence from Europeans and adopted the rallying cry "African for Africans".

​

Pan Africanism

Multiple Choice

What movement began in the early 19th century (1800s) when black intellectuals called for the end of colonialism and sought African self-rule?

• Civil Rights Movement

• Colonization

• Apartheid

• Pan-Africanism

Multiple Choice

“Africa for Africans” was the rallying cry for _______________________.

• the Nigerian Rebellion

• Pan-Africanism

• the Boers

• the Mau Mau rebellion

While the entire continent never combined to create a single political identity, the Pan African movement has been credited with sparking nationalist movements in many African countries including Kenya and Nigeria. Though their routes to independence differed, both Kenya and Nigeria boasted of intellectuals whose nationalistic ideals were closely related to Pan African ones. 

​

​African Independence

​

​Kenya’s triumphant Mau Mau Revolt began in 1952 when multiple ethnic groups banded together against British colonists.  The revolt continued for many years and is credited with eventually gaining Kenya its independence in 1963.  Over this period, many Kenyans were arrested including Jomo Kenyatta.  Kenyatta, a staunch supporter of Pan Africanism, would eventually become Kenya’s president.

​Kenya's Independence

Prior to independence, Great Britain favored the southern province of Nigeria. They developed transportation and schools in the southern province and ignored the northern province.

​

​

Nigeria's Independence

​

Although Nigeria gained their independence from Britain in 1960 peacefully, a civil war broke out just a few months later between the Christian south and the Muslim north. The war killed and injured thousands of people. In the following years, there have been several military coups and outbreaks of violence.

​

​Nigeria's Independence

Multiple Choice

What was the outcome of the Mau Mau Rebellion?

• South Africa gained its independence

• Egypt gained its independence

• Nigeria gained its independence

• Kenya gained its independence

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes how Kenya and Nigeria gained their independence?

• Kenya and Nigeria both gained independence peacefully.

• Nigeria gained independence through political pressure and Kenya gained independence through violence.

• Kenya and Nigeria both gained independence through violence.

• Kenya obtained independence peacefully, and Nigeria gained independence through force.

Multiple Choice

What actions of the British led to conflict between ethnic groups in Nigeria?

• Developed transportation and schools in the norther Province and ignored the southern province

• The British tried to force the ethnic groups to assimilate.

• Developed transportation and schools in the southern province and ignored the northern province

• The British placed the different ethnic groups in homelands

Africa was founded in the mid-1600s by the Dutch as a trading post. These Dutch settlers were called the Boers. The British took over the colony in the early 1800s, which forced the Dutch north into Zulu territory.

​

South Africa Independence​

​

After the Dutch fought with the Zulus, the Dutch set up two new states: Transvaal and Orange Free State until the early 1900s when the two Dutch states were merged with British South Africa to form the Union of South Africa. Finally, in 1910, Britain granted South Africa Independence and left the white Boers in charge.

​

​South African Independence

​

Although Africans were finally able to self-govern once they were granted independence, the former colonies continue to deal with political instability Political coups, dictatorships, and political instability

​

​Results of African Independence

Multiple Choice

What are the results of African Independence?

• Political coups, dictatorships, and political instability

• One unified government over the continent of Africa

• Unstable governments holding democratic elections throughout Africa

• Stable governments with democratic elections throughout Africa

Multiple Choice

When Britain granted South Africa independence in 1910, who were left in charge?

• African National Congress

• The African Union

• The Mau Mau

• The white Boers

With the Dutch Boers in charge of the South African Government, apartheid, a system of legal segregation of blacks and whites in South Africa, was implemented. This system allowed for the political and economic domination of people of European descent in South Africa.

​

​Apartheid

​

The unfair treatment of nonwhites in South Africa continued into the 20th century. It wasn't until the late 1900s when the world began protesting South African Apartheid by placing an embargo on them. By 1985, pressure from the embargos and the ANC forced the South African government to begin making changes.

​

​Apartheid

​

When he became president in 1989, F. W. de Klerk was eager to make some changes.  He quickly unbanned opposing political organizations, repealed the Separate Amenities Act, and most importantly freed Nelson Mandela after 27 years of imprisonment for protesting apartheid practices. 

​

​

​F.W. de Klerk

Nelson Mandela was an African leader who was imprisoned for 27 years for protesting Apartheid. He was a member and leader of the African National Congress or ANC – a political party. After former president of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison in 1991, he became the first democratically elected black president of South Africa three years later.

​

​

​Nelson Mandela

Multiple Choice

What was significant about Nelson Mandela’s election to political office in South Africa in 1994?

• He was the first democratically elected black president of South Africa

• He was the overwhelming choice of British citizens living in South Africa

• He was elected as a representative of the Zulu nation

• He united the Zulu and Ashanti people in order to win the election

Multiple Choice

What was the economic strategy used by other countries against South Africa to end apartheid?

• Quota

• Embargo

• Entrepreneurship

• Trade Barrier

Multiple Choice

What decision did South African President F. W. deKlerk eventually make about the country’s apartheid laws?

• He agreed to end the apartheid laws

• He added many new and harsher laws

• He lifted the need for black to carry passes

• He worked to spread apartheid laws to nations neighboring South Africa