Clauses and Sentences

Clauses and Sentences

By Ramona Gonzales

Clause

• Groups of words with a subject and a verb

• A clause can be a phrase without a subject and a verb

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Two Main Types of Clauses

Independent Clauses

• Can stand alone.

• Express complete thoughts.

• With subject and verb.​

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Dependent Clauses

• Aso known as subordinate clauses.

• Cannot stand alone.​

Multiple Choice

The sun rises in the east

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

• None of the Above

Multiple Choice

Since I drink coffee

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

• None of the Above

Multiple Choice

I love stories

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

• None of the Above

Multiple Choice

Type your question here...

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

• None of the Above

Multiple Choice

That was amazing!

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

• None of the Above

Three Types of Subordinate

Adjective Clauses

• A dependent clause that functions as an adjective. They are often introduced by special words called Relative Pronouns (who, whose, whom, that, which) or Relative Adverbs (where, when, why).

• The tiger that was angry roared at me.

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Three Types of Subordinate

Adverb Clauses

• A dependent clause that functions as an adverb. They are often introduced by subordinating conjunctions (after, above, if, since, on, in).

• I will eat my broccoli after I eat this cookie.

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Three Types of Subordinate

Noun Clauses

• A dependent clause that functions as a noun. A noun clause may act as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition, answering the questions who(m)? or what?

• Whatever you want is fine with me.

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Multiple Choice

I will do my modules after I win my game.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Nothing in this world is comparable to you.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The committee has a meeting maybe tomorrow.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a native language.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The books that people read were mainly religious.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The Toronto fans hope that the Blue Jays will win again.

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Did I tell you about the author whom I met?

• Adjective Clause

• Adverb Clause

• Noun Clause

• None of the above

Kinds of sentences - Functions

A. Declarative Sentence

​B. Imperative Sentence

C. Interrogative Sentence

D. Exclamatory Sentence​

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Multiple Choice

Did you buy eggs today?

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

We plan to visit Florida, and we're spending a day at Disneyworld.

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

Jason doesn't know how to ski, so he's taking lessons.

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

Turn left at the bridge.

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

Put your phone away and listen to me!

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

Since Charlotte was up all night, please let her sleep this morning.

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

I ordered a latte when I got to the coffee shop.

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

We can start the party once Javier arrives!

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Multiple Choice

We knew you wanted to visit Paris, so we bought you a ticket!

• Declarative

• Imperative

• Interrogative

• Exclamatory

Kinds of sentences - Structure

A. Simple Sentence

​B. Compound Sentence

C. Complex Sentence

D. Compound-Complex Sentence​

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Kinds of sentences - Structure

A. Simple Sentence - 1IC

​B. Compound Sentence - 2IC

C. Complex Sentence - 1IC + 1SC

D. Compound-Complex Sentence​ - 2IC = 1 SC

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Multiple Choice

Two Independent Clauses

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

Two Independent Clauses and One Subordinating Clause

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

One Independent Clause and One Subordinating Clause

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

• ​I like coffee.

• Mary likes tea.

• The earth goes around the sun.

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Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

• I like coffee and Mary likes tea.

• Mary went to work but John went to the party.

• Our car broke down; we came last.​

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Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

• We missed our plane because we were late.

• Our dog barks when she hears a noise.

• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.

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Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

• John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.

• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.

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Multiple Choice

Mary did not go to the party.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

Dave works at the library.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

Randy is in a band, but he’s the singer because he can’t play an instrument.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

When I fell off my bike, I went to the hospital because I broke my arm.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

When I fell off my bike, I broke my arm.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

The dog ran around in the backyard, and now he’s taking a nap.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

She completed her literature review, and she created her reference list.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence

Multiple Choice

Although she completed her literature review, she still needed to work on her methods section.

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Complex Sentence

• Compound-Complex Sentence