Lesson1 AISATSU

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Kumi H

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Lesson1

AISATSU

By Cookie 93

(Most common Japanese honorifics)

GRAMMAR
　　　

1. Word order(1)

Japanese basic word order in a sentence is S(subject)/T(topic) – O(object) – V(verb).
English basic word order, on the other hand, is S(subject)/T(topic) – V (verb) – O (object).

･English･･････

･Japanese････

e.g.
Watashi wa Seeko desu. ("desu" is verb (am).) ・・・・・・・・・・・・・I am Seeko.

Jon-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu. ("desu" is verb (is).) ・・・・・・・・・John is Australian.

※"desu" is the polite form of the verb meaning "to be" or "is". It is the verb used to describe two things as being equal, that is, X = Y.
"desu" is basically attached to nouns, adjectives, and other limited parts of speech.

X wa Y desu

In addition, verbs are not changed between the 1st, 2nd and 3rd person, or in plurals.

The subject/topic of a sentence can often be omitted whenever they think it is clear to the listner what or who they are talking about. Sentences without subjects/topics are very common in Japanese.

A: (~~Anata wa~~) Nihon-jin desu ka? ・・・・・・・・・Are (you) Japanese?

B: Hai, (~~watashi wa~~) Nihon-jin desu. ・・・・・・・・Yes, (I) am Japanese.

e.g.

Watashi wa Seeko desu. ・・・・・・・・ I am Seeko.

Anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka? ・・・・・Are you American?

Jon-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu. ・・・・John is Australian.

Watashi-tachi wa Nihon-jin desu. ・・・・・We are Japanese.

🔶Japanese personal pronouns singular and plural

2. Particle "Wa"

In Japanese sentences, particles are used to indicate the function of the preceding words.
The particle "wa" indicates the topic.
Therefore, the word preceding "wa" often becomes a subject.
"Wa" is translated into English as "as for...", "talking about..." etc.

e.g.
Watashi wa Jon desu. ・・・・・・・・・・Talking about me I am John.
Seeko-san wa Nihon-jin desu. ・・・・・・・As for Seeko/she/is Japanese .

3. "desu" and "de wa ari-masen" (ja ari-masen)

"desu" is the polite form of the verb meaning "to be" or "is".
"de wa ari-masen" is used for the negative form of "desu". "ja ari-masen" is also the negative form. This expression is a bit more casual than "de wa ari-masen".
You can use "desu" after your name, your age, your occupation, name of food, places etc...

e.g.
Watashi wa Kumi desu.・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・I'm Kumi.

Watashi wa Nihon-jin de wa ari-masen. ・・・・・・・・I am not Japanese.

Jon-san wa Amerika-jin ja ari-masen. ・・・・・・・John is not American.

A wa Raamen desu.・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・A is Ramen.

B wa Sushi desu.・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・B is Sushi.

4. Particle "Ka"

When particle "ka" is put at the end of a sentence, it becomes a question.

e.g.

Anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka? ・・・・・・・Are you American?

Seeko-san wa Nihon-jin desu ka? ・・・・・・Is Seeko Japanese?

5. Nihon, Nihon-jin, Nihon-go

・Nihon ⇒ Japan

・Nihon-jin ⇒ Japanese people

・Nihon-go ⇒ Japanese language

・Itaria ⇒ Italy

・Itaria-jin ⇒ Italian people

・Itaria-go ⇒ Italian language

・Furansu ⇒ France

・Furansu-＿ ⇒ French people

・Furansu-＿ ⇒ French language

・Kankoku ⇒ Korea

・Kankoku-＿ ⇒ Korean people

・Kankoku-＿ ⇒ Korean language

watashi wa Nihon-jin desu.

watashi wa Nihon-jin de wa ari-masen.

EXERCISES 1 : X wa Y desu/de wa ari-masen

ja ari-masen.

watashi wa Amerika-jin ＿＿＿

watashi wa Chuugoku-jin ＿＿＿

watashi wa Furansu-jin ＿＿＿

watashi-tachi wa Nihon-jin ＿＿＿

we=watashi-tachi

anata-tachi wa Itaria-jin ＿＿＿

you (plural)=anata-tachi

kare wa Doitsu-jin ＿＿＿

he=kare

kanojo wa Kankoku-jin ＿＿＿

she=kanojo

formula: ＿＿＿＿＿ wa ＿＿＿＿＿ desu

e.g. watashi wa Sora desu.

★ Look at the profiles and describe them in Japanese.

★ Translate the following sentences into Japanese using ~wa ~desu.

1) Mr. Ogawa is Japanese.
⇒ ＿＿＿＿＿＿ wa ＿＿＿＿＿＿ desu.

2) Mr. Ogawa is not American.

3) Mr. Ogawa is a teacher (Sensee).

2. Introduce yourself as follows and substitute the words given for the ones underlined.

e.g.

Konnichiwa

Hajimemashite

Watashi wa Seeko desu.

(Doozo) yoroshiku onegai shi-masu.

1) Jon

2) your name

★Other expression using particle "wa"

(+) Watashi wa keeki ga suki desu.・・・・・・・・・・I like cakes.

(-) Watashi wa keeki wa suki de wa ari-masen.・・・・I don't like cakes.

(+) Watashi wa piano ga deki-masu.・・・・・・・・・I can play piano.

(-) Watashi wa piano wa deki-masen.・・・・・・・・・I can't play piano.
(+) Watashi wa tokee ga ari-masu.・・・・・・・・・・I have a watch.
(-) Watashi wa tokee wa ari-masen.・・・・・・・・・I don't have a watch.