SOL Review - Etymology, Affixes, Analogies, Plot diagram and POV

SOL Review: Etymology, Affixes, Analogies, and POV

By Kristin Strasser

Communicator:

I read to understand, evaluate, and learn.

​

Creative and Critical Thinker:

I apply what I know to new situations.

​POG Attributes

Today I will practice using word origin strategies, analogies, affixes, point of view, and the elements of fiction,

​So that I can prepare for the reading SOL.

​I’ll know I’ve got it when I can complete the practice activities with an 85% or higher.

​Learning Target

Independent Reading

The study of the origin or history of words.  The Greek word “etym” means “truth” and any words ending in ‘ology’ mean “the study of.” 

​ English is an interesting language. Just like bees can cross pollinate to create new varieties of fruits, vegetables and flowers, the English language has also been cross pollinated to create new words.   Throughout history, whenever groups of people speaking languages came in contact, mutual borrowing of words occurred.  Our words and our language is rich with history.  Each word tells a story.

Etymology

Dictionaries often list the derivation (or word origin/etymology) of a word.  A typical entry will look as follows:

Coffee first appeared into the English Language between 1590-1600.  The symbol < means “from” or “derived from”.  Therefore, we read this etymology as coffee came from Italian word (caffè), that came from a Turkish word (kahve), that was borrowed from an Arabic word (qahwah).

Word: Coffee

​

Origin: 1590-1600; < Italian caffè < Turkish kahve < Arabic qahwah

​

Example: Hostile

Year: 1585-1595

​

Language(s) or Origin:  Latin

​

What does the root mean (the word’s original meaning)? enemy

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

What is "spectacle's" language of origin?

• Latin

• Old French

• English

• Greek

Multiple Choice

"Spectacle" comes from a word that originally meant -----?

• eyeglasses

• a spyglass

• displaying

• a sight

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

"Permeate" comes from a word that originally meant -----?

• to pass through

• past participle

• to be diffused through

Multiple Choice

What is "philanthropy's" language of origin?

• German

• Old French

• English

• Greek

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

From which language does "permeate" originate?

• German

• Latin

• English

• Greek

Multiple Choice

What did "philanthropy" originally mean?

• an organization who helps the needy

• humane feeling

• the act of helping the needy

• phil- anthropo-

Analogy Types

●     Antonyms – Front is to back and left is to right

​

● Types/Examples - Flamingo is to bird as grizzly is to bear

​

● Synonyms - Tired is to sleepy as happy is to glad.

​

● Worker/Tool (Operator) - paintbrush is to painter as hammer is to construction worker

​

● Part/Whole - toe is to foot as petal is to flower

​

●  Sequence - baby is to adult as amateur is to professional

​

• Characteristic - banana is to yellow as tomato is to red

Analogy Types

● Degree - cold is to freezing as hot is to boiling (Think:  although somewhat synonyms, freezing is more intense than cold and boiling is more intense than just hot)

​

● Association -  Criminals are to jails like students are to  schools (peanut butter is to jelly as salt is to pepper)  (Think: criminals belong in jails like students belong in schools or peanut butter and jelly go together like salt and pepper go together)

​

●     Product - A cow produces milk like a bee produces honey.

​

●     Purpose - An actor performs just like a ballerina dances.

​

Cause/Effect - If you’re tired, you go to sleep, just like if you’re hungry, you eat.       

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What kind of analogy is this?

• synonym

• antonym

• purpose

• characteristic

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What kind of analogy is this?

• product

• characteristic

• antonym

• type

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What kind of analogy is this?

• product

• characteristic

• antonym

• type

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What kind of analogy is this?

• type

• antonym

• sequence

• synonym

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What kind of analogy is this?

• cause/effect

• sequence

• part to whole

• work/tool

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What kind of analogy is this?

• product

• sequence

• cause/effect

• degree

Affixes: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes

• Root Words - a word that stands alone. it only has one part and cannot be made smaller (ex: temp, biblio, hydro,)

• Prefixes - word part that cannot stand alone. It's added to the FRONT of a root word to change the root word's meaning (ex: pre-, ex-, re-)

• ​Suffixes - word part that cannot stand alone. It's added to the END of a root word. Often suffixes change a word's part of speech. (ex: -ness, -ed, -es)

​Most words are made up of several parts. Knowing how the parts of words work together can help you figure out the meaning of a word you don't know.

Affixes: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes

Example:

Root word = fic (means "to do or to make")

Prefix = bene- (means "good")

Suffix = -ial (means "relating to" and it changes a word's part of speech to an adjective)​

​

Hence, "beneficial" means "re​lating to doing good things"

​beneficial

Root word = bio (means "life")

Suffix = -logy (means study of)

​

Hence, "biology" means "the study of life."​

Biology​

More Examples

Ex: Trim (to cut back)

​

You know the prefix "tri-" means "three."

"Trim" definitely has the letters "t-r-i" BUT does the definition of "trim" having ANYTHING to do with "three"?

​

NOPE!​ So this means that "trim" is not made up of the prefix "tri-."

​

Nevertheless, a word like "triangle" DOES contain the prefix "tri-" because a triangle has three sides!

Sometimes words look like they might contain an affix. But if you know the meaning of the word, AND you know the meaning of the affix(es), you can figure out if there is a connection between them.

Watch out!

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words contains a prefix that means "many"?

• successful

• multitude

• geographical

• great

Multiple Choice

If the prefix "im-" was added to the word "patient," what would be the definition of "impatient"?

• restless

• hopeful

• caring

• disappointed

Multiple Choice

What is the suffix in the word "friendly"?

• friend

• fr-

• end

• -ly

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words does NOT contain a suffix meaning "one who"?

• scientist

• therapist

• twist

• novelist

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words contains the root word "man" which means "by hand"?

• manners

• manually

• mane

• manger

Plot Diagram

• Initiating Event - introduces the conflict (Think: "What had to happen in order for this conflict to happen?")

• Rising Action - all of the times that the main character tries to resolve the main conflict

• Climax - right BEFORE the main character solves the main conflict (ex: Superman sees Lois Lane tied to the railroad tracks, so he swoops down!)

• Falling Action - ​as soon as the main character solves the main conflict (ex: Superman scoops up Lois Lane seconds before the train and flies her to safety)

• Resolution - loose ends of the story get tied up, questions get answered, might set readers up for a sequel​

Multiple Choice

Middle School Musical

 Sarah sat in Homeroom half-listening to the announcements. Her late soccer game the night before had been settled in a shoot-out, and she was having a hard time waking up. What caught her attention, though, was the announcement that try-outs for the school play were being held tomorrow after school. 

 Sarah really enjoyed acting with her friends, and she wasn't a bad singer and dancer in her own opinion. But what if the drama teacher didn't agree? He wouldn't know how she loved to pretend that she was on Broadway and how many hours she spent singing to CDs in the den. Sarah spent the next two days changing her mind, back and forth, about the try-outs. She was almost convinced herself she couldn't do it.

 The night before the auditions, her mom came in to say goodnight. "I remember when you were just a little girl," her mom said. "You loved to dance and sing to every song that was playing on the radio. I knew then that you would be an actor."

 With her mother's words drifting through her mind, she fell asleep smiling about starring in her first play. After school the next day, Sarah summoned up enough courage to go to the audition. She couldn't stop shaking as she waited to try out. But when Sarah stepped out on the stage and belted out the first line of the song, she knew she'd have a part in the school musical.

What is the conflict in the story?

• Whether or not Sarah will get a part in the musical

• Whether Sarah will try out for the musical

• Whether or not the drama teacher will like her

• Whether Sarah's mom will let her try out

Multiple Choice

Middle School Musical

 Sarah sat in Homeroom half-listening to the announcements. Her late soccer game the night before had been settled in a shoot-out, and she was having a hard time waking up. What caught her attention, though, was the announcement that try-outs for the school play were being held tomorrow after school. 

 Sarah really enjoyed acting with her friends, and she wasn't a bad singer and dancer in her own opinion. But what if the drama teacher didn't agree? He wouldn't know how she loved to pretend that she was on Broadway and how many hours she spent singing to CDs in the den. Sarah spent the next two days changing her mind, back and forth, about the try-outs. She was almost convinced herself she couldn't do it.

 The night before the auditions, her mom came in to say goodnight. "I remember when you were just a little girl," her mom said. "You loved to dance and sing to every song that was playing on the radio. I knew then that you would be an actor."

 With her mother's words drifting through her mind, she fell asleep smiling about starring in her first play. After school the next day, Sarah summoned up enough courage to go to the audition. She couldn't stop shaking as she waited to try out. But when Sarah stepped out on the stage and belted out the first line of the song, she knew she'd have a part in the school musical.

Which event is the falling action?

• When Sarah stepped out on stage and belted out a song

• When Sarah's mom talks to her before bedtime

• When Sarah is waiting to try out

• When Sarah gets a part in the musical

Multiple Choice

Middle School Musical

 Sarah sat in Homeroom half-listening to the announcements. Her late soccer game the night before had been settled in a shoot-out, and she was having a hard time waking up. What caught her attention, though, was the announcement that try-outs for the school play were being held tomorrow after school. 

 Sarah really enjoyed acting with her friends, and she wasn't a bad singer and dancer in her own opinion. But what if the drama teacher didn't agree? He wouldn't know how she loved to pretend that she was on Broadway and how many hours she spent singing to CDs in the den. Sarah spent the next two days changing her mind, back and forth, about the try-outs. She was almost convinced herself she couldn't do it.

 The night before the auditions, her mom came in to say goodnight. "I remember when you were just a little girl," her mom said. "You loved to dance and sing to every song that was playing on the radio. I knew then that you would be an actor."

 With her mother's words drifting through her mind, she fell asleep smiling about starring in her first play. After school the next day, Sarah summoned up enough courage to go to the audition. She couldn't stop shaking as she waited to try out. But when Sarah stepped out on the stage and belted out the first line of the song, she knew she'd have a part in the school musical.

Which event is the initiating event?

• Sarah struggles to stay awake during homeroom

• Sarah's soccer game went into a shoot out

• An announcement is made about musical tryouts

• Sarah thinks about how much she enjoys singing

Multiple Choice

The wind was strong enough to blow leaves off the trees. A boy was walking down a blacktop path lined with oaks. The red and brown leaves fell through the air with each gust. The boy dribbled a ball down the path. "Behind you!" shouted a man on a bike. The boy dribbled the ball off the path and avoided the biker. "Sorry," shouted the biker as he sped away. The boy sighed and continued walking down the path, dribbling the ball.

What is the narrator's point of view?

• First person

• Second person

• Third person objective

• Third person omniscient

Multiple Choice

The wind was strong enough to blow leaves off the trees. A boy was walking down a blacktop path lined with oaks. The red and brown leaves fell through the air with each gust. The boy dribbled a ball down the path. "Behind you!" shouted a man on a bike. The boy dribbled the ball off the path and avoided the biker. "Sorry," shouted the biker as he sped away. The boy sighed and continued walking down the path, dribbling the ball.

How do you know that this is third person objective?

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has LIMITED mind-reading superpowers by knowing 1 character’s thoughts while flying above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has NO mind-reading powers and can only fly above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has ALL of the mind-reading superpowers by hearing EVERYONE’S thoughts

• Uses “I” and “me” and the narrator is a character in the story

Multiple Choice

The sun may have been 90 million miles away, but it felt like it was right on top of me, weighing me down. There wasn't a lick of shade anywhere. Not so much as a flower to hide behind. The plains were barren and sweltering. A dust cloud whipped by me. I pulled my shirt over my mouth and nose, stretching out the neck hole. The shirt was baggier than I remembered it, or I was losing weight. Come to think of it, I felt a little lankier than usual.

What is the narrator's point of view?

• First person

• Second person

• Third person limited

• Third person omniscient

Multiple Choice

The sun may have been 90 million miles away, but it felt like it was right on top of me, weighing me down. There wasn't a lick of shade anywhere. Not so much as a flower to hide behind. The plains were barren and sweltering. A dust cloud whipped by me. I pulled my shirt over my mouth and nose, stretching out the neck hole. The shirt was baggier than I remembered it, or I was losing weight. Come to think of it, I felt a little lankier than usual.

How do you know that this is first person?

• Uses “I” and “me” and the narrator is a character in the story

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has NO mind-reading powers and can only fly above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has ALL of the mind-reading superpowers by hearing EVERYONE’S thoughts

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has LIMITED mind-reading superpowers by knowing 1 character’s thoughts while flying above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

Multiple Choice

Libby hated anchovies and her new stepmother, Hannah,  had ordered pizza loaded with them.  Couldn't the woman get anything right?  Hannah thought while glaring at her dad, who was shoveling down the pizza.  What was that?  He had never liked anchovies either.  Nothing was the same since Hannah had come to live with them.  

Tom Watson ate his pizza in silence.  He didn't want the pizza, especially with anchovies, but it was easier to keep his mouth full than to try to make awkward conversation.   He felt torn between Hannah and Libby, both of whom he loved dearly.  He wondered why everyone couldn't just get along?

Hannah sighed happily as she reached for a second piece of pizza.  Antonio's had the best pizza around, she thought.  She was so glad she had remembered that Libby liked anchovies and had ordered extra anchovies on the pizza.  She personally hated anchovies, but it was a small price to pay to establish a good relationship with her new stepdaughter.  

What is the narrator's point of view?

• First person

• Third person objective

• Third person limited

• Third person omniscient

Multiple Choice

Libby hated anchovies and her new stepmother, Hannah,  had ordered pizza loaded with them.  Couldn't the woman get anything right?  Hannah thought while glaring at her dad, who was shoveling down the pizza.  What was that?  He had never liked anchovies either.  Nothing was the same since Hannah had come to live with them.  

Tom Watson ate his pizza in silence.  He didn't want the pizza, especially with anchovies, but it was easier to keep his mouth full than to try to make awkward conversation.   He felt torn between Hannah and Libby, both of whom he loved dearly.  He wondered why everyone couldn't just get along?

Hannah sighed happily as she reached for a second piece of pizza.  Antonio's had the best pizza around, she thought.  She was so glad she had remembered that Libby liked anchovies and had ordered extra anchovies on the pizza.  She personally hated anchovies, but it was a small price to pay to establish a good relationship with her new stepdaughter.  

How do you know that this is third person omniscient?

• Uses “I” and “me” and the narrator is a character in the story

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has NO mind-reading powers and can only fly above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has ALL of the mind-reading superpowers by hearing EVERYONE’S thoughts

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has LIMITED mind-reading superpowers by knowing 1 character’s thoughts while flying above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

Multiple Choice

 Brandi waited at the movie ticket counter for Luis to arrive.  She was sure that they had agreed to meet at 7:00, so where was Luis?  She just hoped that no one from school saw her waiting all alone like a dork.  Sure enough, there were Sonya and Monique giggling together as they picked up their tickets.  And of course they had to stop to chat.   Brandi had never been able to get on the popular Monique's good side.

"Forget your money at home?" Monique sneered as Sonya giggled beside her.  Could this get any worse? Brandi wondered.  At least the two girls were headed to buy popcorn at last.

"I'm gonna kill Luis--if he ever gets here!" muttered Brandi to herself.  

Just then Luis rushed through the door and greeted her with apologies.  His mumbled comments about having to finish chores before he could leave home brushed past Brandi with little effect.  All she cared about was the fact that he was buying their tickets and they were about to head into the theatre.  That will  show Monique, thought Brandi triumphantly as she took Luis's hand and headed to the popcorn counter with the cutest boy in school.

What is the narrator's point of view?

• First person

• Third person objective

• Third person limited

• Third person omniscient

Multiple Choice

 Brandi waited at the movie ticket counter for Luis to arrive.  She was sure that they had agreed to meet at 7:00, so where was Luis?  She just hoped that no one from school saw her waiting all alone like a dork.  Sure enough, there were Sonya and Monique giggling together as they picked up their tickets.  And of course they had to stop to chat.   Brandi had never been able to get on the popular Monique's good side.

"Forget your money at home?" Monique sneered as Sonya giggled beside her.  Could this get any worse? Brandi wondered.  At least the two girls were headed to buy popcorn at last.

"I'm gonna kill Luis--if he ever gets here!" muttered Brandi to herself.  

Just then Luis rushed through the door and greeted her with apologies.  His mumbled comments about having to finish chores before he could leave home brushed past Brandi with little effect.  All she cared about was the fact that he was buying their tickets and they were about to head into the theatre.  That will  show Monique, thought Brandi triumphantly as she took Luis's hand and headed to the popcorn counter with the cutest boy in school.

How do you know that this is third person limited?

• Uses “I” and “me” and the narrator is a character in the story

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has NO mind-reading powers and can only fly above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has ALL of the mind-reading superpowers by hearing EVERYONE’S thoughts

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has LIMITED mind-reading superpowers by knowing 1 character’s thoughts while flying above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

Multiple Choice

"Cannonball!" Julio shouted as he leapt from the pool deck. The splash was so large that some of the sunbathers got wet. "Wow, Julio, that was a big splash," I said to him after he emerged from the water. He smiled and nodded. Julio had been my best friend since the first grade, but lately something had gotten between us. Or, rather, someone had gotten between us. "When's Tori coming?" Julio asked. I shrugged my shoulders and replied, "She'll get here when she gets here,” I mumbled.  I didn’t want to ruin the fun time we were having.

What is the narrator's point of view?

• First person

• Third person objective

• Third person limited

• Third person omniscient

Multiple Choice

"Cannonball!" Julio shouted as he leapt from the pool deck. The splash was so large that some of the sunbathers got wet. "Wow, Julio, that was a big splash," I said to him after he emerged from the water. He smiled and nodded. Julio had been my best friend since the first grade, but lately something had gotten between us. Or, rather, someone had gotten between us. "When's Tori coming?" Julio asked. I shrugged my shoulders and replied, "She'll get here when she gets here,” I mumbled.  I didn’t want to ruin the fun time we were having.

How do you know that this is third person limited?

• Uses “I” and “me” and the narrator is a character in the story

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has NO mind-reading powers and can only fly above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has ALL of the mind-reading superpowers by hearing EVERYONE’S thoughts

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has LIMITED mind-reading superpowers by knowing 1 character’s thoughts while flying above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

Multiple Choice

Ahmed called to me over the noise of basketball practice.  Everyone had showed up for tryouts, it seemed.  At my height, I knew I was a long shot to make the team, but I lived for basketball.  I had to try;  I just had to make the team.  It isn't how tall you are, but how much heart you put into your game, I told myself as I took the floor.  The first drill was free throws, and I knew I was pretty good at them.  Feeling my optimism surge, I grabbed the pass that came my way and headed toward my future.

What is the narrator's point of view?

• First person

• Third person objective

• Third person limited

• Third person omniscient

Multiple Choice

Ahmed called to me over the noise of basketball practice.  Everyone had showed up for tryouts, it seemed.  At my height, I knew I was a long shot to make the team, but I lived for basketball.  I had to try;  I just had to make the team.  It isn't how tall you are, but how much heart you put into your game, I told myself as I took the floor.  The first drill was free throws, and I knew I was pretty good at them.  Feeling my optimism surge, I grabbed the pass that came my way and headed toward my future.

How do you know that this is first person?

• Uses “I” and “me” and the narrator is a character in the story

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has NO mind-reading powers and can only fly above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has ALL of the mind-reading superpowers by hearing EVERYONE’S thoughts

• Narrator is NOT a character in the story; it’s like the narrator is a superhero who has LIMITED mind-reading superpowers by knowing 1 character’s thoughts while flying above the scene to report what he/she sees and hears.