Plants and Classification Review

Plants and Classification Review

By Anissa Rodriguez

Multiple Choice

Plant tissues come in several forms: vascular, epidermal, ground, and meristematic. Each type of tissue consists of different types of cells, has different functions, and is located in different places.

Which list contains only functions of ground tissue in plants?

• photosynthesis, storage, and support

• photosynthesis, storage, and aeration

• photosynthesis, support, and transport

• photosynthesis, aeration, and transport

Multiple Choice

Plant tissues come in several forms: vascular, epidermal, ground, and meristematic. Each type of tissue consists of different types of cells, has different functions, and is located in different places. In the human body, the blood stream transports water and nutrients throughout the body.

Which type of tissue serves a similar function in plants?

• Dermal tissue

• Ground tissue

• Vascular tissue

• Meristematic tissue

Multiple Choice

The stomata on a saguaro cactus must open to let in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When each stoma opens, however, water can escape from the plant. How does the saguaro minimize the loss of water when stomata open?

• Guard cells open and close the stomata rapidly during the day to let as little water as possible escape.

• Guard cells open the stomata only at night, when the air temperature is cooler and the humidity somewhat higher.

• Guard cells always keep the stomata open slightly, so that carbon dioxide can flow in but very little water can flow out.

• The saguaro has fewer stomata than any other plant, an adaptation that prevents water loss through transpiration.

Multiple Choice

In plants, water can escape through the leaves by the process of transpiration. Which of the following structures are involved in transpiration?

• xylem, phloem, stomata

• phloem, root hairs, xylem

• root hairs, xylem, stomata

• stomata, phloem, root hairs

Multiple Choice

According to this simplified water cycle, what is the function of the process of transpiration?

• releases water vapor from plants

• increases the rate of the water cycle

• causes photosynthesis in plants

• speeds the evaporation of water

Multiple Choice

Terrestrial plants have stomata on the surface of their leaves. A single stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that change shape in response to environmental factors and open or close the stoma. Which of the following best explains how the structure of the leaf is used in processes that occur in the plant?

• Water enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for transpiration.

• Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf.

• Energy for cellular reproduction is absorbed through the surface of the leaf.

• Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for cellular respiration.

Multiple Choice

The photograph below shows a microscopic view of the lower surface of a leaf. What is the main function of the cells indicated by the black pointer?

• regulate the rate of gas exchange

• store food for winter dormancy

• undergo mitotic cell division

• give support to the veins in the leaf

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows a microscopic view of the lower epidermis of a maple leaf. What type of cell is indicated by label B and correctly associated with its function?

• an epidermal cell that conducts photosynthesis

• a guard cell which controls the opening and closing of stomata.

• a stomata the site of gas exchange

• a guard cell which increases the surface area of the cell.

Multiple Choice

The leaf cells of green plants usually contain chloroplasts. The root cells of green plants do not usually contain these structures or contain fewer of them. Which statement best explains why?

• Root cells eject organelles to make space for water and nutrients to pass through the roots.

• Root cells are simpler and do not need energy to perform their specialized functions.

• Leaf cells are large enough to contain chloroplasts, but root cells are not.

• Leaf cells are the primary site for light-dependent chemical reactions.

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows a cross section of a plant leaf. How does the structure marked X contribute to the survival of the plant?

• It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis.

• It allows the intake of minerals necessary for plant growth.

• It allows the intake of sunlight necessary for ATP production.

• It allows the intake of sugars necessary for plant reproduction.

Multiple Choice

If a plant's leaves developed so that its vascular tissue only contained xylem, how would this affect the rest of the plant's physiological processes?

• Since most parts of the plant contain chloroplasts, the plant's cells would function as usual without a need for glucose from the leaves.

• The carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis would not be absorbed and transported to the leaf cells, and photosynthesis would stop.

• The glucose produced during photosynthesis in the leaf cells would not be able to reach the rest of the plant, and the cellular respiration in the plant's other cells would not function.

• The plant's ground tissues would still be able to transport the water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant, and so other processes like photosynthesis would continue as usual.

Multiple Choice

The cambium is a section of cells in a plant that can become either part of the xylem or phloem, depending on the growth and needs of the plant. If the cambium of a particular plant was damaged, what would be the most likely effect on the plant?

• The plant would lose its ability to carry out photosynthesis.

• The plant would have uncontrolled growth.

• The plant would not experience any change in physiology.

• The plant would not be able to transport nutrients and water.

Multiple Choice

Eliza wants to increase the yield of her herb garden. A friend suggest that Eliza pinch off the tops of the plants as they grow. Which fact about the apical meristem makes this a good suggestion?

• Enzymes in the apical meristem carry out DNA replication.

• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells.

• Auxins produced in the apical meristem inhibit the growth of lateral buds.

• The apical meristem uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as its energy source.

Multiple Choice

Jenny is comparing the reproductive structures of different species in the plant kingdom. Which structures would be most useful for determining angiosperm from gymnosperms?

• Fruits and cones.

• Anthers and pistils.

• Xylem and phloem.

• Needles and pollen

Multiple Choice

The diagram represents a flower, the reproductive structure of some plants. Most flowers have both male and female structures for fertilization and reproduction.

Which structure is represented by the letter A in the diagram above?

• the stamen, a male structure which produces pollen

• the pistil, a female structure which collects pollen and passes it to the ovary

• the sepal, a modified leaf used for protection of the flower

• the petals, decorative structures which attract pollinators

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows a flower. Which parts of the flower are male reproductive structures?

• parts H and B

• parts G and E

• parts A and B

• parts G, E, and A

Multiple Choice

Plants can be classified as vascular or nonvascular. Nonvascular plants, such as moss, absorb nutrients directly from their surroundings. Seedless vascular plants and all vascular plants make spores. Which of the following is the purpose of spores?

• to prevent water loss

• to aid in reproduction

• to distribute nutrients

• to aid in photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Some plants produce fruit which contains their seeds. How does producing fruit benefit the plant?

• The fruit keeps the seeds from being damaged when they fall from the plant.

• Animals often carry the seeds away from the parent plant when they eat the fruit.

• Fewer seeds get eaten by animals if they are hidden inside the fruit, where they can't be seen.

• Seeds contained in fruit need the extra nutrients from the surrounding fruit to start growing.

Multiple Choice

Scientists find a new organism that is composed of many cells, gets its nutrition from decaying organisms, and has cell walls. To what kingdom would the new organism belong?

• Animalia

• Eubacteria

• Fungi

• Protista

Multiple Choice

Which organism can most likely be classified in the Domain Bacteria?

• A predatory organism that depends on hunting plant-eaters for food.

• A multicellular organism that reproduces via spores and gets its food from a dead log.

• A photosynthetic organism that undergoes sexual reproduction and produces seeds in cones

• A unicellular organism that has a simple structure and its commonly found in human intestines.

Multiple Choice

Scientists have recently discovered hydrothermal vent communities on the ocean floor. The organisms in this community live near heated vents. Inorganic compounds such as sulfides mix with extremely hot water when they are released from the vents. Bacteria use the sulfides to make food for themselves and other animals. These bacteria are classified as

• Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes

• Plants

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

Organisms classified as fungi have unique characteristics. Which of the following characteristics is found only in organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi?

• single cells without a nucleus

• multicellular with chloroplasts

• multicellular filaments that absorb nutrients

• colonies of single, photosynthetic cells that reproduce asexually

Multiple Choice

In 1990, Carl Woese introduced the three domain system for classifying living things, after the advancement of DNA analysis allowed for a comparison of species genetic code. Which of the following is the best explanation for why domains were added to the previous system of classification?

• The old system of classification was wrong and needed to be corrected.

• New species are evolving too quickly to keep up with the old system of classification

• Domains have always been included, they were just made official recently.

• Some organisms, which were previously characterized together, were determined to be genetically very different.

Multiple Choice

Fungi were once classified as a member of the plant kingdom. Over time scientists recognized a defining characteristic that forced the reclassification of fungi as their own kingdom. What is this defining characteristic?

• Fungi lacked a cell wall and plants have a cell wall

• Fungi are heterotrophs and plants are autotrophs

• Fungi are prokaryotic and plants are eukaryotic

• Fungi are only unicellular and plants are only multicellular

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows the evolutionary relationship of several primates. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is true?

• Lemurs were the most recent to evolve.

• Gorillas evolved directly from chimpanzees.

• Spider monkeys and lemurs evolved at the same time.

• Gorillas and baboons evolved from a common ancestor.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions about the evolutionary relationships of species A–H can be drawn from the cladogram shown?

• Species F is more closely related to species H than species F is to species D.

• Species D is more closely related to species E than species D is to species C.

• Species F is more closely related to species A than species F is to species G.

• Species D is more closely related to species A than species D is to species B.

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree for animals.

Which two groups of organisms have the most genetic differences?

• rotifers and nematodes

• mollusks and annelids

• mollusks and arthropods

• echinoderms and chordates

Multiple Choice

It was recently determined that giant pandas are much closely related to bears, than to raccoons. Before this, many scientists believed that giant pandas were members of the raccoon family. What is the best piece of evidence that was probably used to re-classify giant pandas as a bear and not a raccoon?

• More behavioral similarities to bears than to raccoons

• More similarities in appearance to bears than to raccoons

• More similarities in bear DNA and giant panda DNA than in racoons DNA and giant panda DNA

• A more similar habitat to bears than to raccoons