Summer School BIO STAAR review: Biological Processes and Systems

Summer School BIO STAAR review: Biological Processes and Systems

By Samantha Knowles

Multiple Choice

Which figure identifies the monomer that is used for short term energy in the cell?

Multiple Choice

Which group of biomolecules is important in the composition of the cell membrane?

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer for proteins?

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

• Fatty acid

• Monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

The function of the nucleic acid is --

• to store and transmit genetic information inherited from your parents

• to maintain our body temperature

• to build up muscles bones and other body parts

• to regulate sugar in your blood and give your cells energy

Open Ended

Challenge question: What are the four nucleotides in DNA?

Enzymes are Biological Catalysts

• They are proteins

• Catalysts speed up chemical reactions

• Structure = Function: Enzymes are specific to their Substrate (reactants). Active site of the enzymes fits together with the substrate(s)

• Different reactions require different enzymes

Enzyme Specificity - The shape of the enzyme (structure) fits it's substrate (function)

The induced-fit model is the more accurate model

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions (Catalysts)

• Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

• The less activation energy needed (smaller hill to climb) the faster the reaction will happen

• Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are...

• nucleic acids
• proteins
• lipids
• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

In the diagram, what is letter A? 

• product
• substrate
• enzyme-substrate complex
• active site

Multiple Choice

What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?

• reusable
• catalyst
• specific
• fragile

Multiple Choice

What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? 

• The reaction rate will increase.
• The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained. 
• The reaction rate will decrease.
• The reaction will stop. 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

• Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions
•  Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
• The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
• The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing. 

Multiple Choice

The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?

• Enzyme
• inorganic compound
• Hormone
• Antibody

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
• Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the energy of the reactants and

products of a biochemical reaction, as well as its activation energy without an enzyme. How would an enzyme affect the reaction?

• The activation energy would become lower and the reaction will speed up

• The activation energy would become higher and the reaction will speed up

• The energy difference between the reactants and products would decrease

• The products will change into different products

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

• CO₂ + light + H₂O --> O₂ + Sugar
• CO₂ + sugar + H₂O --> O₂ + light
• _O2 + light + H₂O --> CO₂ + Sugar
• CO₂ + O₂ + H₂O --> Light+ Sugar

Multiple Choice

The main source of energy for all life comes from ____.

• the Earth
• the moon
• the sun
• the food we eat/make

Multiple Choice

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

• carbon dioxide and oxygen
• water and oxygen
• carbon dioxide and water
• water and glucose

Multiple Choice

The process of photosynthesis occurs inside the:

• mitochondria

• nucleus

• chloroplast

• cell membrane

Multiple Choice

What are the products of photosynthesis?

• water and carbon dioxide
• oxygen and glucose
• oxygen and carbon dioxide
• oxygen and water

Multiple Choice

What is the correct chemical equation for Cellular Respiration?

• C6H12O6 (Glucose) + H2O (Water) -----> CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + H2O (Water) + ATP

• C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 (Oxygen) -----> CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + H2O (Water) + ATP

• C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 (Oxygen) -----> CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + H2O (Water) + ADP

Multiple Select

Cellular Respiration is the process in ALL LIVING THINGS that......

• releases energy

• converts glucose to ATP

• converts glucose to ADP

• releases Oxygen

Multiple Choice

What are the two reactants (things needed) for cellular respiration?

• CO2 and H2O

• Glucose and CO2

• Glucose and Oxygen

• ATP and Sunlight

Multiple Choice

This is the organelle in which respiration occurs.

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• mitochondria