Cells

CELLS

​The cell theory states:

1. All living things are made up of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

​La teoría celular establece:

1. Todos los seres vivos están formados por células.

2. Las células son las unidades básicas de estructura y función en los seres vivos.

3. Se producen nuevas células a partir de células existentes.

Multiple Choice

"All living organisms are made up of cells."

• True
• False
• I don't know
• If you say so

​Cell Types

​

​1. Prokaryotic cells – No membrane-bound

organelles and no true nucleus.

An example of prokaryotes is bacteria

2. Eukaryotic cells – Have membrane-bound

organelles, including a nucleus.

Eukaryotes are plants, animals, fungus, and

protists

1. Células procarióticas: no unidas a la membrana.

orgánulos y ningún núcleo verdadero.

Un ejemplo de procariotas son las bacterias.

2. Células eucariotas: tienen membrana unida

orgánulos, incluyendo un núcleo.

Los eucariotas son plantas, animales, hongos y

protistas​

Multiple Choice

Prokaryote are ______.

• bacteria

• fungi

• large in size

• complex cells

​Nucleus

​

​– the “command center” of the cell

- the nucleus is membrane-bound organelle

- a membrane is an outer covering

​

– el “centro de comando” de la celda

- el núcleo es un orgánulo rodeado de membrana

- una membrana es una cubierta exterior​

Multiple Choice

What is the nucleus?

• A part of the cell that tells everything else what to do.

• An organ that makes you healthy.

• A wall that protects everything in the cell.

​Cell "Little Organs"

​

​Cells have specialized structures to carry out functions.

These are called organelles.

​

Las células tienen estructuras especializadas para llevar a cabo funciones.

Estos se llaman orgánulos.​

​Prokaryote

​

​Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles!

​

¡Los procariotas no tienen un núcleo ni ningún otro orgánulo unido a una membrana!

​

​Eukaryotes

​

• ​Animal cells

• Plant cells ​

​More complex structures

​

• Células animales

• células vegetales

​Estructuras más complejas

​

​sailors eyeball

Valonia ventricosa

Algae​

​Endosymbiosis Theory

​

• Eukaryotes evolved by Prokaryotes engulfing (eating) other Prokaryotes

​

• Los eucariotas evolucionaron por procariotas que engulleron (comieron) otros procariotas

​

Multiple Choice

Endosymbiotic Theory is the idea that ______ cells could have evolved from_____cells

• prokaryotic, eukaryotic

• eukaryotic, animal

• prokaryotic, plant

• eukaryotic, prokaryotic

​Cell Membrane

​

​The cell membrane is a flexible barrier that:

• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

• Provides protection (like skin) and

• provides support (holds the organelles in place)

• Maintains homeostasis

​La membrana celular es una barrera flexible que:

• Regula lo que entra y sale de la célula.

• Proporciona protección (como la piel) y

• proporciona apoyo (mantiene los orgánulos en su lugar)

• Mantiene la homeostasis

Multiple Choice

It forms a boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. 

• Cell Membrane
• Lipid Cleric Layer
• Membrane Gate
• Protein Receptors 

​Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

​

​ carries materials throughout the

cell site of lipid synthesis

​

transporta materiales por todo el

sitio celular de síntesis de lípidos

​

Multiple Choice

Produces lipid molecules for cells

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

• nucleus

• ribosome

​Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

​

• ​covered in ribosomes

• transports proteins that are made on the ribosomes to the golgi apparatus

• cubierto de ribosomas

• Transporta proteínas que se fabrican en los ribosomas al aparato de Golgi.

Multiple Choice

Synthesis and packeging of proteins occurs in...

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

• Lysosome

• Plasma membrane

​Ribosomes

​

​Site of Protein Synthesis (building)

​

Sitio de síntesis de proteínas (edificio)

​

Multiple Choice

made in the nucleolus; proteins are assembled on this organelle

• lysosomes

• centrioles

• ribosomes

• vesicles

​Centrioles

​

​organize cell division (mitosis)

(only in animal cells)

​

organizar la división celular (mitosis)

(solo en células animales)

​

Multiple Choice

two cylinders of microtubules that join at right angels that aid in cell division

• vacuole

• centrioles

• cilia

• vesicle

​Vacuole

​

​stores food, water,

minerals, and waste materials

Plants have large water vacuole​

​

almacena alimentos, agua,

minerales y materiales de desecho

Las plantas tienen una gran vacuola de agua.

​

Multiple Select

Vacuoles are found in ________.

• animal cells

• plant cells

• atoms

• all cells

​Lysosome

​

​contains enzymes needed to

break down nutrients

and waste in the cell

(found only in animal cells)

​

contiene las enzimas necesarias para

descomponer los nutrientes

y residuos en la celda

(encontrado solo en células animales)

​

Multiple Choice

Contains enzymes that aids in digestion & removal of cell waste

• lysosome

• nucleus

• vacuole

• ribosome

​Nucleus

​

​controls cell activities

contains most of the DNA

protected by the nuclear envelope/membrane

Nucleolus- location of ribosome synthesis​

​​

controla las actividades celulares

contiene la mayor parte del ADN

protegido por la envoltura/membrana nuclear

Nucleolus: ubicación de la síntesis de ribosomas.​

​

Multiple Choice

What type of cell has a nucleus? 

• eukaryotic
• prokaryotic 

​Mitochondria

​breaks down sugar into energy known as ATP

(site of cellular respiration)

​

descompone el azúcar en energía conocida como ATP

(lugar de respiración celular)

​

Multiple Choice

This is the organelle that is bean-like that release energy that has been stored in sugars to carry out the cell’s activity

• cell membrane

• mitochondria

• lysosomes

• cell wall

​Cytoplasm

​Gel-like fluid that flows around the inside of the cell and contains the

cell’s organelles

​

Líquido similar a un gel que fluye alrededor del interior de la célula y contiene el

orgánulos de la célula

​

​

Multiple Choice

The __________________ is a gel like material that surrounds everything inside the cell membrane of the cell, excluding the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell.

• cytoplasm

• tubulin

• microtuble

• intermediate filament

​Golgi

​changes, packages, and ships

proteins and other materials for

storage in the cell or release

outside the cell

​

cambios, paquetes y envíos

proteínas y otros materiales para

almacenamiento en la celda o liberación

fuera de la celda

​​

​

​AMAZON

UPS

POSTAL SERVICE​

Multiple Choice

An organelle that transports and packages large molecules like complex carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

Sometimes called golgi body or golgi complex.

• Ribosome

• Golgi Reticulum

• Endoplasmic Apparatus

• Golgi Apparatus

​Cell Wall

​

​provides support and protection for cells

(found in plant and bacteria cells)

​

​proporciona soporte y protección para las células

(que se encuentra en las células vegetales y bacterianas)

Multiple Choice

This is found only in plant cells, and it protects the cell and gives it shape.

• cell membrane

• cell wall

• cytoplasm

• lysosomes

​Chloroplast

​

​contains chlorophyll

• Use energy from the sun to make food for the cell​

(only in plant cells)

(site of photosynthesis)

​

contiene clorofila

• Usa la energía del sol para producir alimento para la célula.

(solo en células vegetales)

(lugar de fotosíntesis)

​

Multiple Choice

This organelle is found only in plants. It is responsible for making the plants food through photosynthesis.

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What is NOT a part of cell theory:

• all cells come from existing cells

• all cells have a nucleus

• all living things are made of cells

• cells are basic unit of structure and function in living things

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a cell theory.

• All non-living things are made of cells
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

Multiple Choice

Which are componets of Cell Theory?

• All organisms are composed of one or more cells

• The cell is the basic unit of life

• All cells come from preexisting cells

• Alll of the above

Multiple Choice

Eukaryote are ______

• bacteria

• large in size

• simple cells

• small in size

Multiple Choice

What is something that Prokaryotes and Eukaryote both have in common?

• small in size

• bacteria

• have DNA

• complex cells

Multiple Choice

Mitochondria is ______.

• Responsible for making energy (ATP) needed for the cell

• the site of cell respiration

• Found in animal and plant cells

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

A cell wall is an inflexible for support and structure and can only be found in ____.

• plants

• animals

• birds

• humans

Multiple Choice

Cytoplasm is Inflexible barrier for support and structure and is found in _____ and _______.

• fruits and vegetables

• dogs and cats

• Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• inner and outer membrains

Multiple Choice

A Vacuole can temporarily store materials it is found in _____ and ____.

• plants and animals

• reptiles and anphibians

• dogs and cats

• fruits and vegetables

Multiple Choice

Plasma (Cell) Membrane is found in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes and ______.

• makes food for the cell

• controls what enters and exits the cell

• helps store material

Multiple Choice

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies) are found in Eukaryotes only. They _____.

• Sorts and packages things to be sent in or out of the cell

• Excretes stuff in and out using transport membranes called vesicles

• Both

• Neither

Multiple Choice

Lysosomes are found in Eukaryotes only. They ____.

• Carries out chemical reactions and transports materials

• Excretes stuff in and out using transport membranes called vesicles

• Sorts, packages, and modifies proteins to be sent in or out of the cell

• Contain enzymes which digest waste materials

Multiple Choice

Centrioles are found only in animal cells. They ____.

• Help with cell division

• make the ribosomes

• carry out chemical reactions and transports materials

• are used for locamotion

​Login to the Google Classroom and open the Padlet Assignment

​

Inicie sesión en Google Classroom y abra la tarea de Padlet​