9 weeks review 2022-2023

Reteach Biomolecules

Biological Molecules

Bio 9°​

Biological Molecules

​

• ​Are complex chemicals

• Produced by cells and living organisms​

• Have a wide range of sizes and structures and are needed by living organisms for metabolism.​

• Can be very large often constructed of repeating sub-units.

​

​Carbon

​Hydrogen

Oxygen​

​Nitrogen

​

Major ​Elements that make up Biomolecules

Multiple Choice

Which of following is NOT a major element involved in making biomolecules?

• Calcium (Ca)

• Carbon (C)

• Oxigen (O)

• Nitrogen (N)

Multiple Choice

Which figure identifies the monomer that is used for short term energy in the cell?

​- ​​Lipids

​- Carbohydrates

​- Proteins

​- Nucleic Acids

​Types of Biomolecules​

Multiple Choice

Which group of biomolecules is important in the composition of the cell membrane?

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic acid

​What do they do?

​LIPIDS:

• Cell membrane structure, energy storage

CARBOHYDRATES​:

• ​Source of energy, structural component

​PROTEINS:

• ​Building block, reactions, repair

​NUCLEIC ACIDS:

• ​Genetic material

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements correctly describe biological molecules? Chooses all the correct statements.

• They all contains carbon and are described as organic molecules.

• There are four major types namely carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acid.

• It is produced by living organisms.

• All biological molecules are of the same structure.

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer for proteins?

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

• Fatty acid

• Monosaccharide

​​Some key terms:

Multiple Choice

Large food molecules are composed from smaller molecules chemically bonded

together.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein?

• Made up of amino acids and regulate cellular processes

• Fats, oils, and waxes

• Complex carbohydrates known as starches

• DNA and RNA

​Water is important for all living organisms as many substances are able to dissolve in it (it is a solvent).

​Water is known as a polar molecule

​Water

​Role Within Organisms

• Dissolved substances can be easily transported around organisms –> eg xylem and phloem of plants and dissolved food molecules in the blood

• Digested food molecules are in the alimentary canal but need to be moved to cells all over the body -> without water as a solvent this would not be able to happen

• Toxic substances such as urea and substances in excess of requirements such as salts can dissolve in water which makes them easy to remove from the body in urine

• Water is also an important part of the cytoplasm and plays a role in ensuring metabolic reactions can happen as necessary in cells​

Multiple Choice

The function of the nucleic acid is --

• to store and transmit genetic information inherited from your parents

• to maintain our body temperature

• to build up muscles bones and other body parts

• to regulate sugar in your blood and give your cells energy

Multiple Choice

Which monomer makes up nucleic acids?

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

• Fatty acid

• Monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the energy of the reactants and

products of a biochemical reaction, as well as its activation energy without an enzyme. How would an enzyme affect the reaction?

• The activation energy would become lower and the reaction will speed up

• The activation energy would become higher and the reaction will speed up

• The energy difference between the reactants and products would decrease

• The products will change into different products

Cells

By Stacy King

• ​No Nucleus

• Cell wall

• Cell membrane

• ​Ribosomes

• cytoplasm​

• ​

• Sin Núcleo

• Pared celular

• Membrana celular

• Ribosomas

• citoplasma

  ​

  ​

​

Prokaryote/Bacteria

​

Multiple Choice

Bacterial cells are...

Las células bacterianas son...

• Prokaryotes

• Eukaryotes

​

• ​Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

• Regula lo que entra y sale de la célula

  ​

​Cell Membrane

​

Multiple Choice

phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

bicapa de fosfolípidos que rodea todas las células y regula lo que entra y sale de la célula

• nuclear membrane

• cell membrane

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

Controls what enters/leaves a cell.

• cell membrane
• Nuclear membrane
• cell wall
• cytoplasm

• ​Jelly filling of the cell

  • support and structure

• Relleno de gelatina de la celda.

  • soporte y estructura

​

​Cytoplasm

​

Multiple Choice

Jelly like substance that fills the inside of the bacterial cell.

• Flagella

• Chromosome

• Plasmid

• Cytoplasm

• ​Make Proteins

  • Synthesis

​

• Hacer Proteínas

  • Síntesis​

Ribosomes

​

• ​Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• cytoplasm

• ​Organelles (little organs)

• ​núcleo

• Membrana celular

• citoplasma

• Orgánulos (pequeños órganos)

​

​Eukaryote

Plant/Animal/Fungi​/Protist

​

Multiple Choice

organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other

membrane-bound organelles; for example amoeba.

organismo cuyas células contienen un núcleo y otros orgánulos contenidos por membrana; por ejemplo ameoba

• prokaryote

• eukaryote

• truekaryote

Multiple Choice

organelles in eukaryotic cells that are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane.

orgánulos en células eucariotas que están rodeados por una membrana de bicapa lipídica

• membrane bound organelles

• flagella

• cilia

Multiple Choice

Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?

¿Qué parte de la célula está presente en las células eucariotas, pero no en las células procariotas?

• cell membrane
• cell wall
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

• Mitochondria

  • Makes the cells energy ​ (ATP)

• mitocondrias Produce

  • energía en las células (ATP)

​

​Mitochondria

​

• Mitochondria

  • Makes the cells energy ​ (ATP)

• mitocondrias Produce

  • energía en las células (ATP)

​

​Mitochondria

​

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.

El diagrama muestra las moléculas que una mitocondria usa y produce durante un proceso celular.

• DNA

• RNA

• CHO

• ATP

• ​Packaging and Shipping

  • ​UPS of the cell

• ​Embalaje y envío

  • UPS de la celda

​

​Golgi Apparatus

​

Multiple Choice

I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?

• vacuole
• ribosome
• endoplasmic reticulum
• golgi apparatus

• ​Digestive Enzymes

  • Kills bacteria

  • Breaks down molecules​

• ​enzimas digestivas

  • Mata las bacterias

  • Descompone moléculas

​Lysosome

​

Multiple Choice

You might think of me as the trash collector, but recycler is maybe more accurate. What am I?

Puede pensar en mí como el recolector de basura, pero el reciclador es quizás más preciso. ¿Qué soy yo?

• mitochondria
• lysosome
• vacuole
• ribosome

• ​Storage

• ​​almacenamiento

​Vacuole

​

Folds and Process Proteins​

• Rough ER

  • has Ribosomes

• Smooth ER

  • no Ribosomes​

Pliegues y Proteínas de ​

Proceso

• Urgencias ásperas

  • tiene ribosomas

• Urgencias lisas

  • sin ribosomas

​

​Endoplasmic Reticulum

​

Multiple Choice

I store water in both plant and animal cells. What am I?

Almaceno agua tanto en células vegetales como animales. ¿Qué soy yo?

• cytoplasm
• ribosomes
• vacuole
• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

What is this?

¿Que es esto?

• mitochondria
• lysosomes
• chloroplast
• endoplasmic reticulum

• ​Chloroplast ​

  • Solar energy to glucose​

• Large vacuole

  • Water storage​

​

​Plant and some Protist

​

Multiple Choice

collect sunlight which it converts to sugars.

recoger la luz del sol que se convierte en azúcares

• chloroplasts
• cytoplasm
• cell wall
• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

I am only found in a plant cell. What am I?

Sólo me encuentro en una célula vegetal. ¿Qué soy yo?

• cell wall
• mitochondria
• cytoplasm
• chloroplast

Multiple Choice

A student groups different types of cells as shown. Which table headings should the student use for the two groups ?

Un estudiante agrupa diferentes tipos de celdas como se muestra. ¿Qué encabezados de tabla debe usar el alumno para los dos grupos?

• 1.Animal Cells

  2. Plant Cells

• 1.Prokaryotic Cells

  2. Eukaryotic Cells

• 1.Mobile cells

  2. Motile Cells

• 1.Fungal Cells

  2. Bacterial Cells

• ​Binary Fission

  • very fast

  • DNA replicates and forms new cell​

• fisión binaria

  • muy rapido

  • El ADN se replica y forma nuevas células.

​

​Prokaryotes Bacteria

​

Multiple Choice

Bacterial cells reproduce by this process.

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Binary fission

• Spawning

• ​Interphase (longest)

  • nondividing stage

  • checkpoints (DNA mutations)

  • 3 stages

    • G1

    • S (DNA replication)

    • G2 ​

​Eukaryotes

Animals and Plants​

​

• ​Interfase (más larga)

  • etapa no divisoria

  • puntos de control (mutaciones de ADN)

  • 3 etapas

    • G1

    • S (replicación del ADN)

    • G2

Multiple Choice

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Las actividades en el ciclo celular ocurren durante fases específicas. ¿En qué fase del ciclo celular se replica el ADN?

• mitosis

• G₁ phase

• G₂ phase

• S phase

Multiple Choice

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Las actividades en el ciclo celular ocurren durante fases específicas. ¿En qué fase del ciclo celular se replica el ADN?

• Mitosis

• G1 phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

• Particle, not a cell or made of cells​

• Genetic material

• ​protein coat/capsid

• ​envelope to protect genetic material

• protein spikes for identification to gain entry to the cell​

​

Read more about virus structures in the link here

Virus Structure

​

Multiple Choice

Which component of a virus protects the genetic material?

• protein spikes

• nucleus

• capsid and envelope

Multiple Choice

Which virus reproductive cycle results in the creation of many copies of viral DNA integrated into the host DNA?

• Lytic Cycle

• Lysogenic Cycle

Multiple Choice

Which virus reproductive cycle results in the creation of many copies of viral particles bursting out of the cell?

• Lytic Cycle

• Lysogenic Cycle

Multiple Choice

Which virus reproductive cycle is virulent or causes symptoms/sickness?

• Lytic Cycle

• Lysogenic Cycle

Multiple Choice

Which virus reproductive cycle is temperate or dormant not causing symptoms?

• Lytic Cycle

• Lysogenic Cycle