Lesson2 Nonmetal

Nonmetals

Lesson 2

What are the properties of a typical
nonmetal?

Focus Question

diatomic molecule

nonmetal

New Vocabulary

sublimation: the process of a solid changing
directly to a vapor without forming a liquid

Review Vocabulary

Metal, NonMetal, or Metalloid - Labelled diagram

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Properties of Nonmetals

•

Nonmetals are elements that are usually
gases or solids at room temperature.

•

Solid nonmetals are not malleable or
ductile. They are brittle or powdery.

•

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat
and electricity because the electrons in
nonmetals are not free to move like they
are in metals.

Properties of Nonmetals

Metal Vs. Nonmetals

•

Nonmetals are found on the right side of the
periodic table (except hydrogen).

•

Most of the most common elements in the
human body are nonmetals.

Properties of Nonmetals

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•

Nonmetals gain electrons and form negative ions
when they form ionic bonds with metals.

•

Nonmetals usually form covalent bonds and share
electrons when bonding with other nonmetals.

Properties of Nonmetals

5-1 Metal OR Nonmetal? - True or false

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•

Hydrogen is by far the most
common element in the
universe.

•

Hydrogen come from Greek
word (hydro=water)

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

2. It bonds with oxygen to form water..

Hydrogen is highly reactive.

1. It combines with metals (alkali and alkaline earth)

to form hydrides.

•

The halogens are in group
17 on the periodic table.

•

Halogens are highly
reactive. Halogen atoms
have 7 electrons in their
outer energy levels.

•

When a halogen gains an
electron from a metal, a salt
is formed.

•

Fl is used to prevent tooth
decay. Cl and Br are used to
disinfect water.

The Halogens

•

The most chemically active
nonmetal.

•

Fluoride is added to
toothpaste and city water
to prevent tooth decay.

•

Hydrofluoric acid is used to
etch glass and to frost the
inner surfaces of lightbulbs.

•

Also used in fabrication of
semiconductors

Fluorine

•

Chlorin the most abundant
halogen, is obtained from
seawater (ocean-salt
recovery site).

•

Household- industrial
bleaches- clothing- paper.

•

Bromine (liquid) also
extracted from seawater.

•

Cosmetic-study genetic
materials.

•

Under fluorescent light it
emit reddish visible light.

Disinfect water in
swimming pool

Chlorine and bromine

Iodine and Astatine

Iodine

Astatine

Shiny purple-gray solid
From seawater
Heated (iodine sublimes to
purple vapor)
Production of (hormone
thyroxin)
Prevent goiter
Used as disinfectants

Last member of group 17
It is radioactive and rare
Used to treat cancer

Group 7 - The Halogens - Quiz

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•

Atoms of the noble gases
have full outer energy levels.

•

They exist as isolated atoms.
They do not naturally
combine with other atoms.

•

Helium (less dense/not
burn) is used in blimps and
balloons. Neon and Argon
are used for “neon” signs
(electric current cause gases
to glow).

•

Noble gases are also used in
lasers (helium-neon laser).

The Noble Gases

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Multiple Choice

The most common elements in the human body are ________.

• metals

• nonmetals

• halogens

• noble gases

Multiple Choice

Which element is the most reactive of all nonmetals?

• fluorine

• hydrogen

• helium

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

Which elements are the least reactive?

• metals

• halogens

• noble gases

• transition elements

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a formula for a diatomic molecule?

• H

• H2

• H2O

• HF

Multiple Choice

What forms when a halogen gains an electron from a metal?

• a covalent bond

• a diatomic molecule

• a noble gas

• a salt

Poll

Which group of elements in the periodic table contains the noble gases?

• 3

• 8

• 13

• 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements is the most chemically active?

• fluorine

• oxygen

• chlorine

• hydrogen

Multiple Select

Which of the following properties are most typical of nonmetals?

• poor conductors

• mostly gases at room temperature

• mostly solids at room temperature

• good conductors

• brittle as solids