Medieval Islamic Empires

​Medieval Islamic Empires

​Key Terms and Concepts

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The Moors

Isabella and Ferdinand

Ottoman Empire​

Mehmed II

Mansa Musa

Gold Salt Trade

Delhi Sultante

Shah Jahan

Taj Mahal​

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​The Moors

In 711 A.D. Muslims from North Africa invaded the country and spread their culture across Spain. These people were known as the Moors. They introduced all kinds of things that the Spanish had never seen before, such as new crops and irrigation systems.

This area grew and thrived leading to many advances in science, math, medicine and philosophy. But in the 1400 they lost most of their hold on the area because of the rise of Isbella and Ferdinand ​​Many Jews and Muslims remained in areas ruled by Christians. In the late 1400s, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand wanted to unite Spain as a Catholic country. They used the Inquisition, a Roman Catholic court, against Muslims and Jews, as well as those who claimed to have converted to Christianity. Judges, called inquisitors, sometimes used torture to find out whether supposed converts were practicing their old religion. Thousands of people were burned at the stake.

The End of Muslim Rule in Spain​

In 1492, Granada fell to Ferdinand and Isabella, ending Muslim rule in Spain. In the same year, Jews were ordered to become Catholics or leave the country. Roughly 170,000 Jews left their homes forever. Many found refuge in Muslim lands, including in Constantinople, now called Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Muslims remained in Spain, but many were forced to become Catholics. Spain expelled remaining Muslims beginning in 1609, ending any cooperation among these groups and Christians in Spain.

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Multiple Choice

Who were the Moors?

• A tribe from central Europe

• People from Phoenicia

• Muslims from Northern Africa

• The native people of Spain

• The largest and most enduring of the great Islamic empires, 1300s to 1918.

• Mehmed II- established the empire's capital at Constantinople (former Byzantine Empire) in 1453. Seized lands around the western edge of the Black sea, Balkans, the Adriatic Sea, and parts of Italy.

• Suleiman I - attacked territories as far as Vienna and Rhodes. Occupied Tripoli in North Africa.

Multiple Choice

Who Conquered the Byzantine Empire and set their Capital in Constantinople?

• Saladim

• Mehmed II

• Richard the Lionhearted

• Julius Caesar

Multiple Choice

Musa was famous for making a pilgrimage to?

• Mali

• Mecca

• Miami

• None of these

Multiple Choice

Mansa Musa was from which country in Africa

• Mali

• Congo

• Madagascar

• I don't Know

Delhi, the capital of India, has a long history. People have been continuously inhabiting Delhi since the 6th century. However, it did not become a major city until the early 12th century. During the 12th Century, the Chauhans conquered the city of Delhi, Defeating the Tomara Rajputs and transformed the city into an important centre of commerce.

In 1192 , Prithviraj chauhan was defeated in second battle of Taraori or Tarain (near Thanesar in present-day Haryana). After this defeat , Delhi for the first time , came under the Muslim rule , which was established by Muhammad Ghori.In 1206 , Ghori appointed one of his generals , Qutubuddin Aybak , as the governor of Delhi. Between 1206 and 1526 , Delhi was ruled by several Muslims rulers. They all preferred the title 'Sultan'.

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Multiple Select

The Delhi Sultanate lasted from

• 1192 to 1206

• 1192 to 1526

• 1206 to 1290

• 1206 to 1526

The end of the Delhi Sultanate in the battle of Panipat (1526) saw the rise of a dynasty which was to rule from 1526 till the revolt of 1857, though the real power of this dynasty of its last great emperor – Aurangzeb. The Mughals ruled almost the whole of India an left behind an administration and legacy that lasted even when their rule ended.

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​They were some of the great rulers from Central Asia. They were the descendants of Chengiz Khan (Leader of Mongol Tribe in China) from mother side and Timur (ruler Iraq, Iran and present Turkey) from father side. The Mughals are proud of Timurid ancestry, as he had captured Delhi in 1398. They didn’t like to be associated with Chengiz Khan as he was associated with massacre of thousands of people. Babur was invited to India by Daulat Khan and Rana Sanga to end the rule of Lodhi Dynasty. They thought Babur would return back after the defeating Lodhis.

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Important Rulers​

• BABUR 1526 - 1530

• HUMAYUN 1530 - 1556

• AKBAR 1556 -1605

• JAHANGIR 1605 - 1627

• SHAH JAHAN 1627 - 1658

• AURANGZEB 1658 - 1707

Blended Cultures

• ​Many cultures blend, mixing art, education, politics, and language

• ​New languages like Hindi and Urdu emerge ​

• The Arts and Literature

• ​Book illustrations, called miniatures, flourish

• Hindu literature reemerges during Akbar's rule

• Architecture

• ​New architectural style named Akbar develops

​Shah Jahan

• Shah Jahan—Jahangir’s son and successor, marries Persian princess

• Assassinates all competitors for throne

• His wife dies while giving birth to her 14th child in 1631

• Taj Mahal—huge marble tomb Shah Jahan builds for his wife

• Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world

Multiple Choice

The Taj Mahal is located in what country?

• Saudi Arabia

• India

• Pakistan

• Iran

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