Review Cells and Organelles

REVIEW CELLS AND ORGANELLES

​Mrs. Hait

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from other cells.

Early Contributions

● Robert Hooke - First person to see cells (1665)
● Anton van Leeuwenhoek - cells in pond water, which he

called "animalcules" (1673)

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● Theodor Schwan- A German zoologist who introduced

the idea that animals are made up of cells.

● Matthias Schleiden- A German botanist who first

introduced the idea that plants are made up of cells.

● Rudolf Virchow- A German physician who was the first

to introduce the idea that all cells are created from
other preexisting cells.

Cell Theory

2.

Cells are the most basic unit of life.

○ It is the smallest part of an organism that is still capable of all of life’s

processes.

○ But they are VERY diverse.
○ Two types:

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

• Although there are two main types of cells, ALL

cells have:
– Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
– Cytoplasm
– Cell membrane
– Ribosomes

Cell Theory

Bacterial Characteristics

●

Much smaller in size (0.l-1O µm)

●

Lack a nucleus - instead have a nucleoid region

●

No membrane-bound organelles (lacks ER, Golgi body, etc.)

●

Only consists of two kingdoms: archaebacteria and eubacteria
○

Archaebacteria - oldest (first in existence)
■

found in very harsh conditions (such as at the bottom of
the sea or in volcanic vents)

○

Eubacteria - More complex, common, and younger
■

Live in more neutral conditions (on our skin, in our bodies)

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Practice Time

Cell membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

No nucleus
No membrane bound
organelles
Simple, smaller
(1-10 um)

Has a nucleus
Has membrane bound
organelles
Complex, bigger
(10-100 um)

Multiple Choice

Which do BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain?

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotic cells do not have…….

• membrane bound organelles

• cell membrane

• DNA or RNA

• life

Multiple Choice

Plants and animal cells are examples of ___ cells 

• prokaryotic cells 

• eukaryotic cells 

Multiple Choice

What type of cell has a nucleus? 

• eukaryotic

• prokaryotic 

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell is this?

• Prokaryote

• Eukaryote

Multiple Choice

Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.

• Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

• Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.

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Practice Time

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Practice Time

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Multiple Choice

Which organelle belongs in plant cells only?

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondrion

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which organelle belongs in both plant and animal cells?

• Chloroplast

• Cell Wall

• Large Central Vacuole

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which organelle belongs in both plant and animal cells?

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

• Large Central Vacuole

• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a correct list of structures found in both plant AND animal cells?

• mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

• mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

This organelle absorbs energy from the sunlight and uses it to make food

• Nucleus 

• Vacuole

• Chloroplasts

• Golgi Apparatus

Multiple Choice

This is the powerhouse of a cell, makes ATP

• Cytoplasm

• Rough ER

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

This is a jelly-like substance in which all of the organelles float around

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Wall

• Smooth ER

Multiple Choice

This organelle is used to store the materials needed by the cell

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

• Golgi Apparatus

• Chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

The DNA of an eukaryotic cell can be found here

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Rough ER

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

This is the outer boundary of an animal cell

• Smooth ER

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

This organelle processes and packages proteins

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Golgi Apparatus

Multiple Choice

This is the organelle that gives plants the structure they need to stand up tall

• Cell Membrane

• Smooth ER

• Cell Wall

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

This organelle makes the lipids that make the cell membrane

• Smooth ER

• Cell Wall

• Vacuole

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

This organelle takes proteins and moves (transports) them to the Golgi apparatus

• Ribosome

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

• Rough ER

Multiple Choice

Proteins that are used inside the cell are made by-

• Chloroplasts

• Rough ER

• Ribosomes

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

This organelle contains digestive enzymes which helps remove waste from the cell

• Lysosome

• Ribosome

• Smooth Er

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

This organelle is found only in animal cells

• Ribosome

• Cell Membrane

• Lysosome

• Chloroplast

Multiple Select

This organelle is found only in plant cells

• Lysosome

• Chloroplast

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane