chem Lesson

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This is a test for online lessons

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Draw

question

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Multiple Choice

This is a test $Na^+$

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B

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C

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D

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Multiple Choice

This is a test $Na^+$

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An Introduction to the
Chemistry of the
Transition Elements

Question Paper 6

Level

International A Level

Exam Board

CIE

Sub-Topic

Booklet

Question Paper 6

Time Allowed:

Score:

75 minutes

/62

Percentage:

/100

Grade Boundaries:

A*

A

B

C

D

E

U

>85%

777.5%

70%

62.5%

57.5%

45%

<45%

Paper Type

Theory

Topic

An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Transition
Elements

Subject

Chemistry

6

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1(a) Put the following items in order of increasing size. Use the number 1 to indicate the

smallest and 3 to indicate the largest.

length of DNA
molecule in a chromosome
nanosphere diameter

cell diameter

[2]

(b) Nanotechnology has an increasing range of uses across a number of fields including
sport. For example, golf clubs are now being made using nanomaterials.

cross-section of normal
golf club shaft
cross-section of golf club
shaft with nanomaterial fill

Use the diagrams above and your knowledge of nanomaterials to suggest two properties
of the new shafts. Explain your answers.

(i)..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii)..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]

7

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(c)A mixture of nano-sized particles of tungsten and vanadium(IV) oxide can be applied
to the surface of windows and reflects heat whilst letting all light in the visible range
through.

Suggest how this variable reflective property is possible using nano-sized particles.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Although silver is well-known as a precious metal, its medicinal properties have been
used for hundreds of years. In ancient Greece silver was used to purify water and until
the development of antibiotics, silver was important in the treatment of large wounds.

(i) What property of silver makes it useful for jewellery?

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest the property of silver that makes it useful in the treatment of large
wounds.

..................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest why nano-sized silver particles are more useful in treating wounds.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 9]

8

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2The following passage is taken from an A level Chemistry text book.

“In an isolated atom, the five d-orbitals have the same energy. In an octahedral complex ion, however,
the presence of the ligands splits the five orbitals into a group of three and a group of two. These two
groups have slightly different energies.”

(a) Use the following sets of axes to draw the shape of one d-orbital in each of the two
groups mentioned above.

[2]

(b) Explain how the presence of the six ligands, L, in [FeL6]3+ splits the 3d orbitals into two
groups of different energy, and explain whether the two-orbital group or the three-orbital
group has the higher energy.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

9

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(c) The following table lists the colours and energies of photons of light of certain
wavelengths.

wavelength
/ nm
energy of
photon
colour of
photon

400

high

violet

450

↓

blue

500

lower

green

600

↓

yellow

650

low

red

The visible spectra of solutions of two transition metal complexes C and D are shown in
the diagram below.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

absorbance

300

400

500

wavelength/nm

600

700

C
D

(i)A list of possible colours for these complexes is as follows.

yellow red green blue

Choose one of these words to describe the observed colour of each solution.

solution C ............................................ solution D ................................................

(ii)In which complex, C or D, will the energy gap between the two groups of orbitals be
the larger? Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 8]

10

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3(a)A transition element X has the electronic configuration [Ar] 4s23d3.

(i)Predict its likely oxidation states.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)State the electronic configuration of the ion X3+.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, is a useful oxidising agent in titrimetric analysis.

(i)Describe how you could use a 0.0200 mol dm–3solution of KMnO4 to determine
accurately the [Fe2+] in a solution. Include in your description how you would
recognise the end-point in the titration, and write an equation for the titration
reaction.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)A 2.00 g sample of iron ore was dissolved in dilute H2SO4 and all the iron in the
salts produced was reduced to Fe2+(aq). The solution was made up to a total
volume of 100 cm3.

A 25.0 cm3portion of the solution required 14.0 cm3of 0.0200 mol dm–3KMnO4 to
reach the end-point.

Calculate the percentage of iron in the ore.

...................................................................................................................................
[8]

11

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(c)High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are used to fabricate TV masts and long span
bridges. They contain very low amounts of phosphorus and sulphur, but about 1%
copper, to improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion. When dissolved in nitric acid, a
sample of this steel gives a pale blue solution.

(i)What species is responsible for the pale blue colour?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)Describe and explain what you would see when dilute aqueous ammonia is added
to this solution.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 14]

12

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4(a)(i)State the electronic configuration of the iron atom.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii)Apart from its electronic structure, state two properties of iron or its compounds
that are characteristic of a transition element.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Acidified solutions of iron(II) salts can be titrated using a dilute solution of potassium
manganate(VII), KMnO4.

(i)Use the Data Booklet to calculate the standard cell potential and to write a
balanced ionic equation for the reaction that takes place during the titration.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii)Explain why no indicator is required for this titration. What colour change would
you see at the end point?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c)Use the reaction between Fe3+ions and water molecules to explain the meanings of
the terms ligand and complex formation.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

13

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(d) An important biological molecule containing iron is haemoglobin.

(i)What is the role of haemoglobin in the body?

..................................................................................................................................

(ii)Use your answer to (i) to explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e)In a possible industrial synthesis of ethanol, the complex Fe(CO)5 catalyses the
reaction between carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methanol according to the following
equation.

200 °C
CH3OH + 2CO + H2
–––––→ CH3CH2OH + CO2

300 atm

Describe a test (reagents and observations) that would distinguish ethanol from
methanol.

reagents ...........................................................................................................................

observation with methanol ...............................................................................................

observation with ethanol............................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 13]

14

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5 (a)Explain what is meant by the term transition element.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b)(i)How do the atomic radii of the transition elements vary from chromium to copper?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)Predict, with a reason, the variation in the densities of the transition elements from
chromium to copper.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

(c)Complete the following electronic configuration of the Cu2+ion.

1s22s22p63s23p6

[1]

(d) Copper ions in aqueous solution are pale blue, due to the formation of a complex ion.

(i)Explain what is meant by the term complex ion.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)Draw the structure of the complex ion formed in a solution of Cu2+(aq).

[2]

15

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(e)When dilute aqueous ammonia is added to a solution of Cu2+(aq), the colour changes
as a new complex ion is formed.

(i)State the colour of the new complex .........................................................................

(ii)Write an equation showing the formation of the new complex.

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(f)When concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of Cu2+(aq), the colour
changes to yellow-green. On adding water, the colour returns to pale blue.

Suggest an explanation for these changes.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 12]

16

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6(a)Titanium is an important transition metal. The metal itself is a component of many high-
strength low-weight alloys, and its oxide is used as an opaque agent in many paints
and pigments.

(i)Write out the electronic configuration of the titanium atom.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)Titanium forms two chlorides. Suggest possible formulae for them.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Anhydrous copper sulphate, CuSO4(s), is a white powder that readily dissolves in water.

(i)Describe and explain what is seen when CuSO4(s) is stirred with water.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)Describe and explain the final colour change seen when an excess of NH3(aq) is
added to CuSO4(aq).

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total : 6]

chem

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