13th and 14th Amendments

THE CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS

Amendments 13 and 14

Fill in the Blank

What year do you think the United States made slavery illegal?

​ Civil rights amendments include The Bill of Rights and Amendments 13 and 14. Civil rights are those guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution. Whereas, Amendments 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25 and 27 set up laws about how the government is to be run. Voting rights amendments are Amendments 15, 19, 23, 24 and 26 are about the voting rights of citizens of the United States.

​The Civil Rights Amendments

​ Civil rights amendments include The Bill of Rights and Amendments 13 and 14. Civil rights are those guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution. Whereas, Amendments 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25 and 27 set up laws about how the government is to be run. Voting rights amendments are Amendments 15, 19, 23, 24 and 26 are about the voting rights of citizens of the United States.

​ Civil rights amendments include The Bill of Rights and Amendments 13 and 14. Civil rights are those guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution. Whereas, Amendments 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25 and 27 set up laws about how the government is to be run. Voting rights amendments are Amendments 15, 19, 23, 24 and 26 are about the voting rights of citizens of the United States.

​ Civil rights amendments include The Bill of Rights and Amendments 13 and 14. Civil rights are those guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution. Whereas, Amendments 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25 and 27 set up laws about how the government is to be run. Voting rights amendments are Amendments 15, 19, 23, 24 and 26 are about the voting rights of citizens of the United States.

The remaining amendments to the Constitution all deal with the rights of the citizens of the United States. In some cases these amendments relate to basic human rights that were once denied to certain groups of people, while others deal specifically with people's right to vote in elections.

​Additionally, there are two amendments that cancel each other out, but we will get to those another day. Today we are going to focus on the 13th and 14th Amendments.

Multiple Select

Today you will learn about which two amendments?

• 13th Amendment

• 15th Amendment

• 14th Amendment

• 19th Amendment

Civil Rights

Civil Rights are a type of right that protect people's freedoms. As we have seen in the Bill of Rights, the government is not allowed to take certain rights away from the citizens of the country.

​The protection of people's civil rights allows everyone to participate in society without discrimination or repression from the government. There are a number of civil rights that we all have and these include things like:

-​the right to vote

-the right to a fair trial

-the right to government services

-the right to a public education

-the right to use public buildings and spaces.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

Discrimination is when a person is treated differently (not in a good way) because of some aspect of their identity, like: Race. Religion.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Repression is when the government tries to limit, or take away, the rights the rights of a group of people.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

Repression is when the government tries to limit, or take away, the rights the rights of a group of people.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​​Discrimination VS Repression

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Discrimination is when a person is treated differently (not in a good way) because of some aspect of their identity, like: Race or Religion.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

Governments, unfortunately, are capable of both discrimination and repression. Often times, when governments discriminate against groups of people, they also repress those people. However, just because a government is repressing a group of people does that mean that they are discriminating against those people.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not a civil right?

• Education

• Voting

• Freedom of Speech

• A Job

• A Fair Trial

Multiple Choice

True or False: If a government is repressing a group of people, they are also discriminating against that group of people.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Civil Rights protect people's

• Rights

• Freedoms

• Priviliges

• All of the above

Background on the 13th Amendment

The 13th Amendment was created following the Civil War which saw the northern states (also known as the Union ) go to war against the southern states (also known as the Confederacy). This war was fought between the years 1861 and 1865.

​The war between the Union and the Confederacy began primarily as a result of the long-standing disagreement over slavery in the United States. The issue of slavery had been a debated in the United States since the creation the Constitution. Although some members of the Constitutional Convention argued that slavery should be outlawed in the Constitution, 25 of the 55 representatives at the convention were slave owners. Additionally, other representatives feared that some states might reject the Constitution if it made slavery illegal.

Dropdown

The major ​

Select answer

of the Civil War was slavery. The states could not agree over whether to ​

Select answer

or ​

Select answer

of slavery. In fact, people in the United States had been ​

Select answer

the issue of ​

Select answer

since the creation of the Constitution.

Multiple Choice

True or False: 30 of the 55 people who wrote and signed the Constitution did not own slaves.

• True

• False

Open Ended

Why were representatives at the Constitutional Convention fearful of making slavery illegal?

Use evidence from the slides.

The Election of 1860

​The United States started along a road to war with itself following the election of 1860. It was in this election that Abraham Lincoln was elected the president of the United States. Lincoln was outspoken on his views of slavery and he believed that slavery was morally long; however, he was not an abolitionist (a person who believed slavery should be outlawed).

Lincoln never called for the outlawing of slavery in his election to be president. Instead he argued that the system of slavery should not be legal in any new states that might be created. In fact, the republican party (which Lincoln was a member of) promised not to interfere with the system of slavery used in the Southern States if Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860.

Dropdown

What did Lincoln think about slavery?

He believed that slavery was ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

If something is immoral it is...

• unethical

• bad

• wrong

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

True or False: During the election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln said that he thought the United States should make slavery illegal.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: The republicans, the political party that Lincoln represented as the presidential candidate, said that they would not try to change slavery if Lincoln became president.

• True

• False

The Aftermath of the Election of 1860

​ Alarmed by Lincoln's anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded shortly after he was elected president in 1860. South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas became the first 7 states to leave the United States. In May of 1861 four more states (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee) seceded from the union. Together they formed the government of the Confederate States of America on February 4th, 1861, a separate country from the United States of America.

​ Founded on the idea that states had the right to leave the United States, the eleven Confederate States chose to leave the union rather than allowing slavery to be potentially be declared illegal. The 11 Confederate states elected Jefferson Davis, a former Congressman from Mississippi to be the president of their new country.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​The word Secede means when a piece of a country decides to break off and become a new country.

Multiple Select

What are the 2 reason that the Confederate states decided to leave the United States?

• They were afraid Lincoln and the Republicans might make slavery illegal

• They believed Lincoln and the Republicans cheated in the election of 1860

• They believed that states had the right to leave the union of the United States

• They believed that slaves should be protected by the Bill of Rights too

Lincoln's Response to the Confederacy

Following the secession of the Confederate States, Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation, but he did try to negotiate with the Confederacy and its leaders on three separate occasion unsuccessfully.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Although he hoped that the Confederacy would rejoin the Union peacefully, Lincoln made it clear that he would be willing to go to war to save the United States of America.

Open Ended

What evidence do we have that Abraham Lincoln tried to prevent a war with the Confederate States?

Fort Sumter - April 12, 1861

​On April 12, 1861, forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military units who were stationed at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Less than two days after the attack, the fort was surrendered to the Confederate States of America. Although no one was killed at the battle, this attack on United States troops started the Civil War, the bloodiest conflict in American history.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​The Confederate victory at the Battle of Fort Sumter resulted in enormous support for military action in both the U.S. and the Confederacy. After the battle, President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion It was also after this battle that Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee joined the Confederate States of America.

Multiple Choice

Which side started the Civil War?

• The United States

• The Confederate States

Dropdown

The Civil War started when the ​

Select answer

attacked soldiers who were living and working in a United States military fort in South Carolina known as ​

Select answer

. Even though South Carolina had ​

Select answer

from the United States, the ​

Select answer

had the military continue to occupy the fort.

The Civil War

After four years of conflict, the Confederate armies surrendered to the United States in April of 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.  The war bankrupted much of the South, left its roads, farms, and factories in ruins, and all but wiped out an entire generation of men who wore the blue and the gray. 

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​More than 620,000 men died in total during the Civil War, more than any other war in American history.  Following the war, the southern states were occupied by Union soldiers, rebuilt, and slowly re-admitted to the United States over the course of twenty difficult years known as the Reconstruction Era.

Open Ended

After the Civil War, were the states that seceded better off than they were before the war?

Use evidence from the slides to support your answer

Multiple Choice

True or False: The states that left the United States were immediately let back into the United States after the war.

• True

• False

The Road to the 13 Amendment

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

The Civil War was initially fought by the North to prevent the secession of the Southern states and preserve the Union. Even though conflicts over slavery had been a major cause of the war, ending slavery was not a goal of the war at the begining.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​However, this changed in September of 1862 when President Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation by Lincoln stated that on January 1, 1863, "all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free" if the Confederate States did not rejoin the United States of America.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Lincoln’s attempt to force the Confederate states to rejoin the union was unsuccessful; none of the 11 states rejoined, the war continued for another year and a half and his proclamation did little to help those still living in slavery in the south. However, Lincoln’s proclamation ensured that the United States would have to settle the issue once and for all if the United States won the war.

Open Ended

Why did the United States first decide to fight the Civil War? What did they want to achieve?

Multiple Choice

The Emancipation Proclamation freed...

• All slaves in the United States

• Only slaves in the states that seceded

Open Ended

Why do you think Lincoln wrote the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation? What was he trying to achieve with the declaration?

Hint: Think about when he wrote it and when the date it went into effect.

​The 13th Amendment

​Following the surrender of the Confederacy in April of 1865, the United States Congress got to work on ratifying the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Amendment was written in January of 1865, before the Confederacy surrendered to the United States. Less than a year later, the amendment was ratified by Congress in December of 1865.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​The 13th Amendment states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime" in the United States" or any place that it controls. In other words, the 13th Amendment says that slavery, or forcing a person to work for, is illegal in all areas of the United States. The only time a person can be forced to do work is as punishment for your crime.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

Multiple Select

The 13th Amendment made it ______ to own slaves.

(2 words fill the blank)

• illegal

• unconstitutional

• legal

• constitutional

Multiple Choice

True or False: According to the 13th Amendment slavery and "involuntary servitude" can be used as a type of punishment for a crime.

• True

• False

​14th Amendment

​The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in July of 1868, more than three years after the Civil War Ended. The amendment was created in order to protect the civil rights of freed slaves, who technically were not citizens, after the Civil War.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Since its creation, this amendment has helped protect the rights of citizens, helped provide equal protection under the law for all citizens, and even forced the governments of some states to make sure that the laws in their states apply equally to everyone.

Open Ended

Why was the 14th Amendment created? Why was this amendment needed after the creation of the 13th Amendment?

Multiple Choice

Since its creation, the 14th Amendment has helped protect...

• Only the rights of former slaves

• All U.S. Citizen

What Did the 14th Amendment Do?

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Definition of Citizenship

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​The Fourteenth Amendment gives an important definition of a citizen of the United States. It says that anyone born in the United States is a citizen and has the rights of a citizen. This was important because it ensured that the freed slaves were officially U.S. citizens and were awarded the rights given to U.S. citizens by the Constitution. If this was not in there, states could have continued to deny the rights of former slaves.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Requirements of the States

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Before the Fourteenth Amendment was passed, the Supreme Court said that the Bill of Rights only applied to the federal government, not the state governments. The Fourteenth Amendment makes it clear that the Bill of Rights also applies to the state governments.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Privileges and Immunities

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​The amendment guarantees that the states cannot take away the "privileges or immunities" of citizens that are given them by the Constitution.

What Did the 14th Amendment Do?

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Equal Protection

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​The amendment also guarantees "equal protection of the laws." This is an important clause within the amendment. It was put there to make sure that every person (regardless of age, race, religion, etc.) would be treated the same by the government. This clause has been used in several civil rights cases including the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education which helped to end the policy of sending black and white students to separate schools.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​House of Representatives

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Section 2 of the amendment describes how the state population would be counted in order to determine how many members of the House of Representatives each state would have. Prior to the amendment former slaves were counted as three-fifths a person. The amendment says that all people will be counted as a "whole number."

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​Section 3 says that people who have participated in a rebellion against the government cannot hold a state or federal office.

​Alarmed by his anti-slavery stance, seven southern states seceded soon after he was elected president in 1860—with four more states to soon follow. Lincoln declared that he would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country. He refused to recognize the southern states as an independent nation and the Civil War erupted in the spring of 1861.

​​Rebellion

Open Ended

Why do you think that the 14th Amendment had to revise (change) the definition of citizenship?

Hint: Think about who was not considered a citizen when the country was first created and how this impacted them.

Poll

Do you think people who participate in rebellions, or wars, against the United States government should be allowed to work for the government?

This is a question that has been a topic of discussion in the United States in the last few years.

• Yes

• No