Unit 3B -LL: Energy Flow Pt2

​Unit 3 Test Review Pt2 (3.6-3.9)

Standards:

HS-LS2-3: Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

HS-LS2-4: Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

Heterotrophs can eat

• plants

• meat

• plants and meat

• sunlight energy

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the process that autotrophs or producers use to make food?

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• photo respiration

• cellularsynthesis

Multiple Choice

If an autotroph uses light as its energy source it is called a...

• photoautotroph

• chemoautotroph

• photoheterotroph

• photochemoautotroph

Multiple Choice

Humans are considered... because we use.... to get our food.

• chemoautotroph - chemicals

• chemoheterotroph - chemicals

• photoautotroph - light

• photoheterotroph - light

Multiple Select

What was/were the Amoeba Sisters favorite animal(s)?

• velvet ant

• water pig

• sloth

• silkie bantam chicken

Consumers are heterotrophs.

Hetero = other & Troph = to eat, ('other eaters')​

Herbivores(plants)/Carnivores(meat)/Omnivores(both)

Producers are autotrophs.

Auto = self & Troph = to eat, ('self feeders')

10% Rule - 90% used or lost as heat, move decimal for each trophic level​

Decomposers breakdown organic matter back to soil (carbon cycle in biosphere)

​Detritivores - organic matter Decomposers - dead

Multiple Choice

What is another term for a producer?

• Autotroph

• Heterotroph

• Herbivore

• Carnivore

Match

3.? - A consumer that eats only plants is a(n) _1_. Consumers that prey on other consumers are called _2_. Consumers that eat both plants & animals are known as _3_. Organisms that break down organic material are called _4_ and those that break down dead or decaying organisms are called _5_.

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

herbivore

carnivore

omnivore

detritivores

decomposers

• herbivore

• carnivore

• omnivore

• detritivores

• decomposers

Ecosystems are constantly changing.
Keystone species are organisms that keep an ecosystem in balance; if threatened, ecosystem drastically changes!

​

​Keystone Species

Biodiversity is the number of organisms that an area has at a given time.
The MORE biodiverse, the MORE sustainable!
Sustainability is the ability to maintain a certain rate of coexistence between the biosphere and humans.

​

​Biodiversity & Sustainability

Multiple Choice

Which ecosystem is the MOST sustainable?

• Ecosystem 1

• Ecosystem 2

• Ecosystem 3

• Ecosystem 4

Any organism that:

• Is NOT native to the ecosystem and cause HARM to the ecosystem

• Grows & reproduces QUICKLY

• Outcompete native species for food

• Cause carry disease

• Has NO natural predators, which disturbs energy flow
  MI Invasive Species to watch out!

​

​Invasive Species

• Human activities can unintentionally spread invasive species:

• Spreading firewood

• Shipping vessels and containers

• Recreational boating

• Releasing bait, non-native plants & exotic pets

​

​Transport of Invasive Species

Multiple Choice

​Examine the chart- what seems to be happening to the amount of oxygen the deeper you go into the ocean?

• Oxygen is increasing the deeper you go.

• Oxygen is decreasing the deeper you go.

The Aphotic Zone

​The word "photo" means light.

The word "synthesis" means to make.

​

​So the word photosynthesis literally means, to make using light.

Producers convert sunlight energy into chemical energy (glucose).

​

​Sunlight cannot reach the aphotic zone. Aphotic = without light

Multiple Choice

Plants can survive in the aphotic zones of the ocean.

• True

• False

There are no plants in the aphotic zones of the ocean.

​Plants can NOT survive in the Aphotic Zone

​There is no sunlight, so there are no plants and no photosynthesis in the aphotic zone.

​

​For a long time, scientists thought this meant there was no life in the aphotic zone, until 1977...

​

​Enter Robert Ballard.

He takes expeditions to the ocean floor in his submersible.

​Robert Ballard was the first scientist to discover there was life on the ocean floor. BUT, there are very different kinds of producers living in the deep ocean.

​As you watch the 2m video read the captions to learn about Hydrothermal Vents.

Multiple Choice

Do you think deep ocean producers can do photosynthesis?

• Yes, they can

• No, they can't

​Chemosynthesis

​There is no sunlight, so there are no plants or photosynthesis in the deep ocean.

​

​The main kinds of producers are bacteria that do chemosynthesis, where they use chemicals released from the Earth to help them create sugar. See equation caption...

Anaerobes - grow without oxygen present

Acidophiles - grow best at acidic (low) pH values

Alkaliphiles - grow best at high pH values

Endoliths - lives inside rock or the pores between mineral grains

Halophiles - require high amounts of salt for growth

Methanogens - produce methane from a chemical reaction of hydrogen & carbon dioxide

​

​Extremophiles - 'Lovers of the Extreme'

Multiple Choice

3.9 - Chemosynthesis relies on which energy source?

• thermal

• chemical

• nuclear

• light

Match

3.9 - Chemosynthesis uses _1_ energy to produce organic matter and can occur in _2_ environments without _3_. Chemosynthetic bacteria can support _4_ organisms by being incorporated into their tissue or being _5_.

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

chemical

extreme

sunlight

larger

consumed

• chemical

• extreme

• sunlight

• larger

• consumed

DDT was used widely and sprayed on crops as a pesticide against insects & mosquitoes, but was banned in 1972.

​

​DDT

DDT levels entered food chains and remained in tissues of fish but became more concentrated in higher trophic levels, eagles & falcons.

The Bald Eagle was added to the Endangered Species List as a result of thinning eggshells caused by DDT.

The pesticide DDT is now illegal in the US BUT is still manufactured here & used around the world​!

​Biomagnification

Multiple Choice

DDT is:

• a food additive

• an insecticide

• a medicine

Multiple Choice

Mosquitoes transmitted DDT directly to

• humans

• fish

• birds

• crops

Multiple Choice

The way DDT was passed from mosquitoes to small fish and then bigger fish was

• mosquitoes drinking the blood of fish

• fish eating mosquitoes

• birds eating fish

Multiple Choice

The top predator in the food chain we are shown, that is infected with DDT, is

• humans

• large mouth bass

• eagles

• minnows

Multiple Choice

DDT's most serious affect on eagles is

• starvation

• their eggs broke & eaglets died

• loss of their feathers

• poisoning

Multiple Select

Humans helped eagles survive by (choose all that apply)

• banning DDT in the US

• providing them with food

• collected & incubated their eggs for them

Minimizing the Effects of Biomagnification

• AVOID eating high level predators, like tuna and other large fish, with high mercury levels

• Eat a plant-based diet

• Advocate for pesticide reduction

Multiple Choice

3.6 - How does introducing DDT into an ecosystem impact a food chain?

• Fish-eating birds have thinning eggshells.

• Decrease population of secondary & tertiary consumers.

• Biomagnification of toxic substances increase at each trophic level.

• All of these.

​Let's see who our winners are and head back to the

Live Lesson Room for Chat Q&A!