EXTRA ENGLISH CLASS (GRAMMAR)

CLASS 1E &1F

CEFR LEVEL (A1 & A2-)

Extra english class

SIMPLE FUTURE tense

The simple future tense is a form of tenses to indicate an event that has not yet started and will only occur in the future, aka in the future. So, this tense refers to the action that will be performed after now. Apart from expressing this, you can also use the simple future tense to express predictions and wishes.

E.G. I will go to Paris tomorrow.

Shall we go to cinema tonight?

i am going to John's birthday party next week.

simple future formula

In contrast to the simple present tense and simple past tense , this form of tenses relies on auxiliary capital and similar capital which means "will". The auxiliary modals in the simple future tense are will , shall , and be going to . The formula used is as follows:

(+) Positive = Subject + will + Verb 1 + Object or Subject + Subject + (is, am, are) + Going To + Verb 1 + Object

E.G. She will go to Netherlands in May

Wanda is going to be mother soon.

(-) Negative = Subject + Will + NOT + Verb 1 + Object or Subject + Subject + (is, am, are) + NOT + Going To + Verb 1 + Object

E.G. He will not go to school tomorrow

John is not going to picnic tomorrow.

(?) Interrogative = Will + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ? or Subject + (is, am, are) + Subject + Going To + Verb 1 + Object ?

E.G. Will you come to my birthday party on Sunday?

Are you going to have yoga class tonight?

​tips

Note! You need to pay attention to several forms or rules in the simple future tense so that they are not confused with other tenses :

• In the simple future tense , the form of the verb or verb used is always the basic verb or verb 1, just like the simple present tense . 

• There is no change in the verb for all subjects and all sentence patterns. So, if you make a sentence using the subject I, You, We, They, He, She, It, Singular Subject, and Plural Subject for positive sentences, negative sentences, or interrogative sentences, then the subject will always be followed by the word work the basic form or verb 1.

will, shall, & going to BE: What's the difference?

Will, shall, and going to be have a similar meaning, namely "will" However, similar doesn't have to be the same, right? So, there are several things that distinguish the three modals , depending on the context of the sentence to be used. Come on, let's find out!

Will = used for all subjects

E.G. I, You, We, They, He, She, It

Shall = used for I and we

mostly used in British English

Going to be = used for all subjects

I, You, He, She, It, They We

​use of will, shall and going to be

In modern English, will is more often used . So, you can apply this capital to all subjects, namely I, You, We, They, He, She, It . Meanwhile, shall is usually used more for subject I and We for those who are used to speaking English using a more formal British style.

• Just like will, this modal phrase can be used for all subjects, namely I, You, We, They, He, She, It.

• Be after the subject can be replaced with am, is, are . Example: " We are going to.... .. "

Contraction / abbreviation in the simple future tense

You still remember, right, that in the two tenses that have been studied previously, there are various abbreviations as follows:

does not = doesn't

do not = don't

was not = wasn't

were not = weren't

I will = I'll You will = You'll We will = We'll They will = They'll She will = She'll

He will = He'll

It will = It'll

There will = There'll

That will = That'll

Will not = won't (willn't)

Shall not = Shan't (shalln't)

The function and application of the simple future tense in various examples of sentence patterns.

use of will

1. Declare an event that will occur in the future (Beni will go to Turkey next month)

2. Expressing an emotion or feeling (My mom will love her new hermes bag .)

3. Predict future events (It will rain tomorrow.)

4. Expressing threats (If you do that again, I'll tell Mum.)

5. Reveal promises (I won't tell anyone your secret)

use of shall

1. shows a desire and an unwillingness (I shall study tomorrow)

2. Declare an offer to others (Shall I give you some money ?)

3. Ask for advice or instructions (What shall I buy for dinner?)

use of going to be

1. Convey a wish but only limited to the intention (She is going to be a teacher)

present perfect

Present perfect tense is a form of a verb that is used to express an action or situation that has started in the past and is still continuing until now or has been completed at a certain point in time in the past but the effect is still continuing.

E.G. My mom has cooked food.

She has bought a new car.

I have seen that movie twenty times.

present perfect formula and sentence pattern

Nominal sentence

Nominal sentences are sentences that do not contain any verb at all in this sentence there will only be nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

(+) Positive = Subject + have/has + been + Object/complement

E.G. You have been a creative writer since 2018

(-) Negative = Subject + have/has + been + not + Object/complement

E.G. We have not been hungry yet.

(?) Interrogative = Have/has + been + Object/complement + ?

E.G. Has she been very busy this week?

Note: For third person pronouns like ( I, you, We, They ) we use "Have". But for third person pronouns like ( She, He ) then we use "Has".

​verbal sentence

Verbal sentences are sentences which are formed by with the auxiliary verb “ have / has ” and the past participle (verb-3).

(+) Positive = Subject + have/has + Verb 3

E.G. I have seen that movie many times.

(-) Negative = Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3

E.G. I have not seen that movie many times.

(?) Interrogative = Have/has + Subject + Verb 3

E.G. Have I seen that movie many times?

Note: Has is used for subjects ( She, He, It ) and have is used for subjects ( I, you, we, they ).

function and uses of present perfect

The present perfect tense is used to express something that has happened in the past but is still ongoing today. However, if you want to elaborate further, the function, usage and examples are like this.

1. Talking about experience: You can use the present perfect to describe your experience.

E.G I have been to France

I have never eaten kimchi

I’ve been to Bali three times.

2. Change over time: We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

E.G You have grown since the last time I saw you.

My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

3. Accomplishments: We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.

E.G. My daughter has learned how to read

He has learned how to drive a bike

Quiz time !

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compund noun

A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. A compound noun is usually [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun], but there are other combinations as well.

forms of compund noun

1. open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe)

2. hyphenated - hyphen between words (six-pack)

3. closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (bedroom)

examples of compound noun

noun + noun = bus stop, fire-fly, football

adjective + noun = full moon, blackboard, software

verb + noun = breakfast, surfboard, swimsuit

noun + verb = sunrise, snowfall, haircut

verb + preposition = check-out, lookout, go-between

noun + prepositional phrase = mother-in-law

preposition + noun = underworld, onlooker

noun + adjective = truckful, lime green, town square

abstract noun

Abstract nouns  are nouns that are intangible, cannot be felt by the five senses. Abstract nouns include feelings, ideals, qualities, characteristics, and actions.

​Ideas

• life

• death

• humor

• independence

• communication

• information

• honor

• trust

• pain

• pleasure

Emotions

• love

• hatred

• happiness

• sadness

• fear

• anguish

• ecstasy

​Personality traits

• courage

• loyalty

• compassion

• maturity

• elegance

• stupidity

• aggression

• patience

F​eelings

• anxiety

• fear

• pain

• pleasure

• stress

• sympathy

• warmth

​Examples of Abstract Noun

adjective

participle adjective

'Participle adjectives' are a form of (verb + ing) or (verb + ed) that is used as an adjective that describes a noun or pronoun.

• I was really bored during the flight (NOT: I was really boring during the flight).

• She's interested in history (NOT: She's really interesting in history).

• John's frightened of spiders (NOT: John's frightening of spiders).
  

types of partciple

Present Participle: The 'present participle adjectives' are formed by adding the suffix -ing to the verb form. For examples:

i am working

he is singing

Past Participle: 'Past participle adjectives' are usually formed by adding the suffix -ed or -en to the verbs. However, sometimes the past participle is irregular. Usually, these adjectives are used for living things because non-living objects Cannot feel.