Unit 5 Review

Unit 5 Review

• Cell Cycle

• Mitosis

• Cancer

​Cells cycle through a predictable series of phases where they grow and divide.

The cell spends most of its time in this phase, growing and doing it's cell job. There are three parts, G1, S, and G2. DNA is in loose chromatin.

Interphase:

Mitosis:

Cells divide into two daughter cells that are identical to each other and the parent. DNA is packaged into chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• Interphase

Multiple Choice

During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?

• Interphase

• Mitosis

• S phase

Multiple Choice

During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• S phase

Multiple Choice

During which parts of the cell cycle does the cell grow?

• G1 and G2

• G1 and S

• M phase and cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

• To create new daughter cells

• To prevent cancer from developing

• To help the body fight viruses and bacteria

Multiple Choice

What does DNA Replication mean?

• DNA is made.

• DNA makes new cells. 

• DNA copies itself.

• DNA starts the cell cycle.

Multiple Choice

During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

Multiple Choice

Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, S, G1, M. 

• G1, S, G2, M

• S, G1, G2, M

• G1, M, G2, S

• M, G1, S, G2

Multiple Choice

Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?

• In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.

• In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.

• In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.

• In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.

Multiple Choice

Why do organisms use the cell cycle?

• to grow

• to make sugar

• to get energy

• to make unique cells

Multiple Choice

Unicellular organisms use the cell cycle to:

• develop

• heal

• reproduce

• all of the above

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is known as the

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• replication

• cell cycle

Multiple Choice

Identical cells formed during cell division are called:

• daughter organelles

• daughter cycles

• daughter nucleus

• daughter cells

Multiple Choice

____________ ensures that our bodies grow and repair

themselves.

• The cell growth

• The cell repair

• The cell recycle

• The cell cycle

Match

Match the following

• Interphase

• Mitosis

• DNA durng Interphase

• DNA during Mitosis

Cell grows, copies DNA, and does its job

Cell Division

Chromatin

Chromosomes

• Cell grows, copies DNA, and does its job

• Cell Division

• Chromatin

• Chromosomes

Match

Match the following phases with what the cell is doing during that time.

• G1

• S

• G2

• M

Cells grow and do their cell jobs

DNA is copied

cells grow and prepare for mitosis

cells divide into two identical daughter cells

• Cells grow and do their cell jobs

• DNA is copied

• cells grow and prepare for mitosis

• cells divide into two identical daughter cells

Checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that each step happens properly and that cells are ready for the next step.

Checkpoints also make sure that cells that are damaged or have mutations in their DNA go through apoptosis. If they continue to replicate as is, they divide uncontrollably. This is called cancer.

Multiple Choice

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

• Metaphase

• Cytokinesis

• Cancer

• Diabetes

Multiple Choice

_____ is the uncontrolled growth of cells, often resulting in a tumor or mass of abnormal cells

• Cancer

• Apoptosis

• Radiation

Multiple Choice

A mutation is defined as:

• A change in the cell's structure

• Anything that changes in an embryo

• Any change in the physical features of a human

• A change in the DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

Where do mutations occur?

• DNA and RNA

• DNA 

• RNA

• mRNA and tRNA

Multiple Choice

What causes mutations?

• Mistakes in replication or environmental substances

• The amino acids

• Passed down by genetics

• It's how your born

Multiple Choice

Cancer tumors result from

• rapid cell division

• rapid DNA replication

• slow cell division

• long interphase

Multiple Choice

The unregulated production of cells will most likely cause-

• a tumor

• healthier cells

• a blood clot

• enhanced muscles

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best description of cancer?

• cells that remain in interphase longer than average

• unregulated cellular division

• cells that remain in the G0 phase for forever

• Cells that complete the cell cycle once

Nuclear membrane breaks down; the DNA in chromatin wraps itself tighter to make chromosomes.

​​Prophase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The centrioles have made the mitotic spindle and attached to each chromatid.

​​Metaphase

The fibers of the mitotic spindle are pulling the sister chromatids apart.

​​Anaphase

Nuclear membranes form around each group of DNA. Cytokinesis - cytoplasm and organelles divide.

Telophase

​​Phases of Mitosis

PROPHASE = PREPARE for mitosis

METAPHASE = chromosomes meet in the MIDDLE

ANAPHASE = chomatids move APART

TELOPHASE = TWO TWIN cells are made

Think PMAT!

The end result of mitosis is two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

Multiple Choice

The goal of mitosis is to

• make a new parent cell

• make two new daughter cells with the same DNA

• make two new daughter cells with different DNA

• to grow a larger toe

Multiple Choice

In interphase, the cell is

• multiplying chromosomes

• growing and copying DNA

• destroying DNA

• moving inside

Multiple Choice

A good way to remember the stages of cell division is:

• AMPT

• ATMP

• PMAT

• PMA

Multiple Choice

What stage of mitosis is this?

• Interphase

• Anaphase

• Cytokinesis

• Prophase

Multiple Choice

What stage of mitosis is this?

• metrophase

• middlephase

• centraphase

• metaphase

Multiple Choice

It is the process of dividing the DNA of a cell into two new nuclei.

• mitosis

• meiosis

• cytokinesis

• cell division

Multiple Choice

In what stage do the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?

• interphase

• prophase

• metaphase

• anaphae

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

The stages of mitosis in order

• Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase

• Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

• Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase

Multiple Choice

What is the first phase of Mitosis?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Where does a cell contain its genetic material?

• nucleus

• nucleolus

• cytoskeleton

• chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

DNA will condense into...

• Centromeres

• Chromosomes

• Nuclei

• Spindle fibers

Multiple Choice

What phase of mitosis is pictured?

• Metaphase

• Telophase

• Prophase

• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

Which is Metaphase?

• A

• E

• C

• F

Multiple Choice

Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?

• In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.

• In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.

• In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.

• In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which phase comes NEXT?

• prophase

• metaphase

• anaphase

• telophase

Multiple Choice

Structure A refers to the _____.

• chromatid

• chromosome

• centromere

Multiple Choice

These structures pull the spindle fibers and attached chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.

• Spindle fiber

• Centriole

• Nucleus

• Centromere

Multiple Choice

Structure (b) is a ____.

• chromosome

• chromatid

• centromere

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

What process does a multi-cellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• replication

• transcription

Multiple Choice

During interphase, the DNA is in the form of

• chromatin

• chromosomes

• chromatids

• centromeres

Multiple Choice

Identify the stage of mitosis.

• interphase

• prophase

• anaphase

• telophase and cytokinesis

Match

Match the following

Propase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

• Propase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Match

Match the following

• prophase

• cytokinesis

• telophase

• anaphase

• metaphase

Chromosomes form, nucleus breaks down

Cytoplasm pinches off to make new cells

Chromsomes loosen, nucleus reforms

Chromosomes move apart

Chromosomes line up in the middle

• Chromosomes form, nucleus breaks down

• Cytoplasm pinches off to make new cells

• Chromsomes loosen, nucleus reforms

• Chromosomes move apart

• Chromosomes line up in the middle