North and South Part 1

North and South

The Industrial North

Technology and Industry

HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY CHANGE THE WAY PEOPLE LIVE?
• The early years of the 1800s saw much innovation in industry and

technology.
• The ways that Americans worked, traveled, and communicated underwent great

change.

• Though it affected the entire nation, it was greatest in the North.

• Three Phases of Industrialization

• Before industrialization, workers made most goods one item at a time, from

start to finish.

• Industrialization changed that way of working.

• The North’s industrialization took place in the three phases.

• First Phase: Employers divided jobs into smaller steps, where one worker did the

same job over and over again.

• Second Phase: Entrepreneurs built factories to bring specialized workers together.

• This allowed the product to move quickly from one worker to the next.

• Third Phase: Workers used machines to complete tasks

• The machines worked much faster than any human could.

Multiple Select

Which are the THREE phases of North's industrialization?

• Employers divided up jobs into smaller steps

• Entrepreneurs built factories for specialized workers

• Workers used machines to complete tasks

• Natural resources were used up in farm areas

Technology and Industry

• Three Phases of Industrialization cont.

• Mass production of cloth began in New England in the early 1800s.

• Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846, which allowed workers to make

clothing in mass quantities by using machine-made fabrics and sewing machines.

• Similar changes were transforming other industries and affecting the North’s

economy.

• By 1860, the Northeast’s factories made at least two-thirds of the country’s

manufactured goods.

• Changing Transportation

• Improvements in transportation contributed to the success of the new American

industries.

• Between 1800 and 1850, crews built thousands of miles of roads and canals.

• By connecting lakes and rivers, canals opened new shipping routes.

• In 1807 inventor Robert Fulton launched his first steamboat, the Clermont, on

the Hudson River.

• Steamboats could travel fast upstream, and carry people and goods cheaply and

quickly.

Multiple Choice

What did Elias Howe invent?

• Automobile

• Airplane

• Typewriter

• Sewing Machine

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the first steamboat launched?

• Clermont

• Hudson Hawk

• Waverider

• Maine

Technology and Industry

• Changing Transportation cont.

• In the 1840s, builders began to widen and deepen canals to make space

for steamboats.

• By 1860, about 3,000 steamboats traveled the country’s major rivers and

canals, as well as, the Great Lakes.
• This encouraged the growth of cities like Cincinnati, Buffalo, and Chicago.

• Sailing technology also improved in the 1840s.

• Clipper Ships

• These were ships with sleek hulls and tall sails that “clipped” time from long

journeys.
•The time was usually cut in half.

• The Railroads Arrive

• The first railroads in the U.S. ran along short stretches of track that

connected mines with nearby rivers.

• Horses pulled these early trains.
• In 1829, the first steam-powered passenger locomotive began running in

Britain.

Multiple Select

Which THREE cities grew because of the use of the steamboat?

• Dallas

• Cincinnati

• Buffalo

• Chicago

Technology and Industry

• The Railroads Arrive cont.

• A year later, in 1830, Peter Cooper designed and built the first American steam-

powered locomotive.

• The Tom Thumb, got off to a slow start, losing a race staged against it and a horse-

drawn train.
• Before long, engineers improved the technology.

• By 1840, steam locomotives were pulling trains in the U.S.

• Also during this time, almost 3,000 miles of railroad track.

• By 1860, the nation’s tracks totaled 31,000 miles, mostly in the North and Midwest.

• The new rail lines connected many cities.

• One line linked the cities of New York and Buffalo, while another connected

Philadelphia to Pittsburgh.

• Railway builders connected these eastern lines to lines being built farther west

in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

• The nation’s railroads formed a network that united the Midwest and the East.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the first locomotive?

• Lenny the Locomotive

• Charles the Train Car

• Tom Thumb

• Trevor Train

Technology and Industry

• Moving Goods and People

• The impact of improved transportation was felt deeply in the western areas of

the country.

• Before canals and railroads, farmers sent their crops down the Mississippi River to

New Orleans.
• From there the goods sailed to the East Coast or to other countries, which took a lot of time

and made the prices of the goods go up.

• Railways and canals transformed trade in these regions.

• The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 ,and later the railroad networks, allowed grain,

livestock, and dairy products to move directly from the Midwest to the East.
• Improvements in transportation provided benefits to both businesses and consumers.

•Farmers and manufacturers could now move goods faster and more cheaply.

•Consumers could purchase the items and a lower price than in the past.

• The railroads also played an important role in the settlement of the Midwest

and the growth of its industry.

• Fast, affordable train travel brought people into Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, resulting

in an increase in these states’ populations.
• New towns and businesses developed in these areas as well.

Multiple Select

What TWO things transformed trade in the region?

• Highways

• Railways

• Airplanes

• Canals

Technology and Industry

• Progress with Problems

• As more people moved more quickly along railways and waterways, the

possibility of disaster increased.

• The SS Central America was a 270-foot side wheel steamer that carried passengers

and cargo between New York and Panama.
• The ship traveled one part of a widely traveled route between the East Coast and California.
• In September 1857, the Central America was carrying a full load of passengers and a large

amount of gold when it headed into a hurricane.
•The ship sank off the coast of the Carolinas, and hundreds of people drowned.

• The Great Train Wreck of 1856 occurred between Camp Hill and Fort Washington,

Pennsylvania, on July 17, 1856.
• Two trains slammed in each other, resulting in an estimated 60 deaths and 100 injured.
• At the time, it was considered one of the worst accidents in railroad history.

•The nation was horrified by this and demanded that the railroad companies improve their methods
and equipment and make the safety of their passengers their first concern.

• Communications Breakthroughs

• The growth of industry and the new pace of travel created a need for faster

methods of communication.

Multiple Choice

What sank the SS Central America off the Carolina coast?

• Hurricane

• Missle

• Pirate Attack

• Ship Collision

Technology and Industry

• Communications Breakthroughs cont.

• The telegraph, which is a device that used electric signals to send messages,

filled that need.

• Samuel Morse, an American inventor, developed a system for sending coded

messages instantly.

• After Morse showed his system could send messages over a short distance,

Congress gave him money to test the device over a wider area.

• Morse strung wires between Washington D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland.
• On May 24, 1844,he was ready to try out his system.

• With a crowd of people watching, Morse tapped out and sent the message, “What Hath God

Wrought”.
•A few moments later, Baltimore sent the same message back, proving that it worked.

• Telegraph operators sent messages quickly by using Morse Code, which is a

system of dots and dashes that represent the alphabet.

• Telegraph companies formed and workers put up telegraph lines across the country.

• By 1852, there were about 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in the U.S.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the device that uses electric signals to send messages?

• Telephone

• Fax

• Telegraph

• Airmail

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the man who invented the telegraph?

• Thomas Edison

• Samuel Morse

• Alexander Graham Bell

• Benjamin Franklin

Technology and Industry

• Communications Breakthroughs cont.

• The telegraph allowed information to be communicated in minutes rather than

days.

• People could quickly learn about news and events from other areas of the United

States.

• The telegraph also allowed businesses to become more efficient with

production and shipping.

Multiple Select

In what TWO areas of business did the telegraph help make more efficient?

• Communication

• Production

• Shipping

• Growth

Open Ended

Why do you think the telegraph helped so much with business?

Farming Innovations

• In the early 1800s, few farmers were willing to settle in the treeless Great

Plains west of Missouri, Iowa, and Minnesota.
• Areas of mixed forests and prairie west of Ohio and Kentucky seemed too

difficult for farming.

• Settlers worried that their old plows could not break the prairie’s matted sod, and

that the soil would not be fertile enough to support field crops.

• Advancements in Agriculture

• Three inventors of the 1830s helped farmers overcome difficulties in farming

land.

• As a result, settlements expanded throughout wider areas of the Midwest.

• One of these inventions was the steel-tipped plow developed by John Deere in

1837.

• It allowed farmers to cut through the hard-packed soil on the prairie, leading to more

moving out west.

• There was also the mechanical reaper, which sped up harvesting of wheat, and

the thresher, which quickly separated the grain from the stalk.

• Each of these innovations reduced the labor required for farming.

Multiple Select

What TWO inventions helped with the harvesting of wheat?

• Mechanical Reaper

• Cotton Gin

• Plow

• Thresher

Farming Innovations

• McCormick’s Reaper

• Cyrus McCormick was the genius behind the invention of the mechanical

reaper.

• Before this invention, farmers had harvested grain with handheld cutting tools.
• McCormick’s reaper greatly increased the amount of crop a farmer could harvest.

• Because farmers could harvest more wheat, they could plant more of it, which made it more

profitable.

• Raising wheat became and would remain the main economic activity on the Midwestern

prairies.

• New machines and the ease of access to railroads allowed farmers to plant more

acres with cash crops.
• Midwestern farmers grew wheat and shipped it east by train and canal barge.

•Northeast and Middle Atlantic farmers increased their production of fruits and vegetables.

• In spite of improvements in agriculture, the North was steadily becoming more

industrial and urban.

• Agriculture in the region was still growing, but industry was growing faster.

Multiple Select

Even with the improvements in agriculture, what TWO things was the North steadily becoming?

• Polluted

• Industrial

• Violent

• Urban