Biochem

Presentation

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Science

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University

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Hard

Christmalyn Abiera

FREE Resource

0 Slides • 66 Questions

Multiple Choice

Study of chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other

Biochemistry

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chemical substances found within a living organism

biochemical substances

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hydrogen is the common element

includes water (70%) and inorganic salts (5%)

bioinorganic substances

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carbon is the common element

includes lipid, carbohydrates, nucleic acid, and proteins

Bioorganic substances

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about 2%

most abundant class of bioorganic molecules on PLANET EARTH

relative low in the human body

75% (about) by mass of dry plant

CHO - carbon hydrogen and oxygen (CH2O / CnH2nOn)

monosaccharide / sugar - simplest form

glucose - simplest monosaccharide (C6H12O6)

Carbohydrates

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2 main uses of carbohydrates for plants

cellulose - serve as structural elements

starch - provide energy reserve for the plants

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about 2%

nucleotides - monomer/building blocks

Nucleic Acids

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Composed of 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing ring and 1/more phosphate group

Nucleotides

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energy currency of the cell, contain both esters and anhydride linkages involving phosphoric acid

important nucleotide in energy production, composed of nitrogenous base adenine, sugar ribose, and 3 phosphate

ATP

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about 8%

poorly soluble in water

"palmitic acid" - simple lipid that has 16 carbons

"cholesterol" another important lipid in biological membranes

Lipids

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about 15%

"amino acid" - building blocks or monomer

R group (carboxyl group, hydrogen, amino group) - give rise to the characteristics reactions of organic compounds

Proteins

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1st important organelle

PROKARYOTES - no definite nucleus. DNA found in NUCLEAR REGION but not separate from the rest of the cell

EUKARYOTES - present

nucleus

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also known as plasma membrane

present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

cell membrane

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Study of chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other

Biochemistry

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2nd most important organelle

not present in prokaryotes; it uses enzymes for oxidation reaction

present in Eukaryotes

mitochondria

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present in eukaryotes

not present in prokaryotes

produces protein for most of the cell to function

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Present in both type of cell

free and found in cytosol

Ribosomes

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Not present in prokaryotes, but if present, it is located in chromatophores.

present in green plants in eukaryotes

Chloroplast

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proteins in eukaryotic DNA

Histones

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The portion of a prokaryotic cell that contains DNA

Nuclear region

Nuclear Region

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The site for protein synthesis in all organism, consisting of RNA and protein

Ribosomes

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The outer membrane of the cell that separate if from the outside world

Cell membrane

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The outer coating of bacterial and plant cell

Cell wall

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Sites of photosynthesis in green plants and algae

chloroplast

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contains the main genetic apparatus of eukaryotes

nucleus

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A portion of nucleus rich in RNA

Nucleolus

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Energy-yielding reactions

Responsible for aerobic oxidation of nutrients

Mitochondria

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continuous single-membrane system throughout the cell

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a complex of DNA and protein found in Eukaryotic nuclei

Chromatin

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Linear structures that contain the genetic material and proteins

Chromosomes

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Fold in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Cristae

cristae

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enclosed within the inner mitochondrial membrane

matrix

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secretion of proteins

ship and receive center of the cell

manufacture, process, package of macromolecule

cisternae membranous sacs

Golgi body/apparatus

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containers for hydrolytic enzymes / suicidal bag

Lysosomes

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Microtrabecular lattice

framework, consisting mostly of proteins that pervade the cytosol

Cytoskeleton

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Sacs that contains enzymes, oxidize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and convert it into water

Peroxisomes

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Contain enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle

Glyoxysome

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Cavities within the cytoplasm

membrane-enclosed sacs (plant cell)

secretory, excretory, or storage functions

Vacoule

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Fagocitosis

Inteacellular

Intracellular

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prokaryotes - earliest cell

eukaryotes - evolved from prokaryotes about 1.5 billion

cocci/coccus - spherical in nature

bacillus/bacilli - rod shape

Vebrio - comma shape

Spirochates - corkscrew

Spirillia/spirilia - spiral

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light independent reactions

Thylakoids/granum

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all cells contain DNA

genes - individual/basic unit of heredity

genome - total DNA cell

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before the nucleus

single-cell organism