Cold War - World His 1

California Standard
10.9.1, 10.9.2 & 10.9.8

• Students analyze the international

developments in the postwar world.

10.9.1-the economic and military power

shifts caused by the war.

10.9.2-the causes of the Cold War.
10.9.8-the establishment and work of the

United Nations, the Warsaw Pact, SEATO,
NATO, and the Organization of American
States.

California Standard

• Students analyze the international developments

in the postwar world.

10.9.1-the economic and military power shifts

caused by the war.

10.9.2-the causes of the Cold War.
10.9.3-the importance of the Truman Doctrine and

Marshall Plan and the resulting economic and
political competition.

10.9.8-the establishment and work of the United

Nations, the Warsaw Pact, SEATO, NATO, and
the Organization of American States.

Two Superpowers

Face Off

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is most characteristic of the Cold War?

• The growth of nuclear arsenals in the United States and the Soviet Union

• The expansion of national borders by imperialistic European countries

• The implementation of isolationist foreign policies in Great Britain and China

• The rapid industrialization of many Southeast Asian countries

Cold War Ch. 18

• WWII Civilians killed totaled from 40 to 52

million, including 13 to 20 million from
war-related disease and famine.

• Total military dead: from 22 to 25 million
• US & Soviet Union now the two

“Super-powers” distrusted & grew
suspicious of each other during the war

• June 26, 1945 50 Nations form the United

Nations

Postwar Plan

• 1945 Yalta Conference-Germany is

separated into 4 zones. (Great Britain,
France, Russia and U.S.)

• United Nations-international organization

intended to save it’s members from
aggression.

• Potsdam Conference July 1945– Meeting

of Britain, US, & Soviets after the war
Stalin promises Truman free elections in
Eastern Europe. He lied.

• They agree to rebuild the zone each

country occupies

• US becomes the economic leader of the

world

• Stalin establishes Communist “puppet” or

satellite nations in Albania, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary,
Romania & Poland

U.S. Counters Soviet

Expansion

Cold War Map

Multiple Choice

Which country, in 1948, controlled the ZONE that the entire city of Berlin was located in.

• Soviet Union

• Great Britain

• France

• United States

Cold War Plans

• Truman Doctrine-Truman gave support to

countries that rejected communism. (i.e.
400 million to support Turkey & Greece)

• (1947) Marshall Plan-gave aid to any

European country that needed it, help
rebuild Europe.
– Must be spent in U.S.

Berlin Airlift

• U.S. & allies want to form W. Germany

(merge zones).

• Soviet Response- stop all highway, rail

traffic into W. Berlin.

• U.S. & Great Britain airlift supplies into

Berlin for 327 days.

• Blockade lifted.

Cold War/World Divides

• Cold War-state of diplomatic hostility that

developed between two superpowers.

• 1949-(NATO) Western European nations.
• 1955-Warsaw Pact. Soviets develop a

military alliance w/E. Europe satellite
nations

Arms Race Begin

Atomic Bomb

• U.S. 1945.
• Soviet Union 1949.

Hydrogen Bomb

• U.S. Bomb 1952.
• Soviet Union 1953.

Results

– Brinkmanship-the willingness to go to the brink or

edge of war.

East Germany

Multiple Choice

What was one major goal of the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War?

• to expand individual liberties in the Baltic republics

• to attract foreign economic investments

• to create a defensive buffer zone in Eastern Europe

• to establish a competitive market economy

Cold War in Skies

• Oct. 1957-Soviets launch Sputnik

– Launch missiles anywhere.

• Jan. 1958- U.S. launches satellite.
• 1960- Soviets shoot down American U-2

spy plane.
– Tensions worsen between U.S. & Russia.

Superpower Aims in Europe

• U.S.-encourage spread of democracy.
• Soviet Union-encourage the spread of

communism.

Multiple Choice

The Cold War refers to the period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union from

• the end of World War II to the fall of the Soviet Union.

• the end of World War I to the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

• the Cuban Missile Crisis to the fall of the Berlin Wall.

• the Bolshevik Revolution to the end of World War I.

Multiple Choice

When the United States sent military aid to African governments to help them resist communism, it was continuing a foreign policy first asserted in the

• Potsdam Agreement.

• Teheran Conference.

• Marshall Plan.

• Truman Doctrine.

Iron Curtain & Truman Doctrine

Soviet Union Corrals E.
Europe

• Soviet fears invasion from West in future.
• Soviets install communist governments in

nations of Eastern Europe.
– Iron Curtain

• Germany was split into 4 zones: US, Britain,

France in the West & Soviets in the east

• Berlin was split that way too only it was in E.

Germany and food was cut off

• Berlin airlift – 327 days food & supplies were

airlifted into Berlin

• NATO Alliance – April 4 1949 Military alliance

between US & Western Europe countries to
defend each other from invasion

• Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil war and

makes China a communist country

• Truman didn’t send soldiers to support the

Nationalists (fought the Chinese communists)

U.S. response to Soviet
Expansion

• U.S. adopts foreign policy of containment.
• Containment-blocking Soviet influence and

preventing the Soviet expansion of
communism.

• Containment – Policy of stopping the

spread of communism to other nations

• Truman Doctrine – policy of protecting

nations from being controlled by military
force

• Churchill calls Stalins control of Eastern

Europe the “iron curtain”

• Cold War – Conflict & competition between

US & Russia without directly fighting each
other

• Marshall Plan - $13 billion in aid to rebuild

Europe

Multiple Choice

The United States followed a policy of containment during the Cold War in response to the spread of communism.

How did the Marshall Plan reflect containment policy?

• It blocked Soviet missiles from from arriving in communist Cuba.

• It provided economic aid to European countries in order to prevent the spread of communism.

• It authorized the use of military force against communist forces in Vietnam.

• It stopped communist efforts to control the Korean Peninsula.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a primary cause of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

• direct, armed conflict between the two nations

• the founding of the United Nations

• a deep reduction in military expenditures

• a competition for political influence over other countries

Multiple Choice

During the Cold War, in which country would the city of West Berlin be inside of?

• East Germany

• West Germany

• Soviet Union

• France

Multiple Choice

What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift, between the years 1948 and 1949?

• To bring necessary supplies to assist the Communists after World War II.

• It was designed to help citizens in France to resist Communism.

• Moving Allied soldiers to help fight the Nazis during World War II.

• To supply the citizens of West Berlin while the Soviet blockade continued.

Multiple Choice

The United States Foreign Policy after World War II was the policy of Containment, which was?

• The U.S. would try to restrict the spread of Fascism in Europe.

• The U.S. would help to rebuild the nations of Japan and Germany.

• Due to the importance, the U.S. would increase spending into the Space Race.

• The U.S. would try to prevent the spread of Communism anywhere in the world.