Properties of Water

The Properties of Water

Benchmark: SC.912.L.18.12
Discuss the special properties of water.

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Objective

●

describe the structure of a water molecule

●

identify the special properties of water

●

explain how the bonds within and between a
water molecule affect the properties of water

Draw

The formula for water is H₂O. In the space below draw a water molecule.

The Structure of a Water Molecule

● 2 hydrogen atoms
● 1 oxygen atom
● Polar Covalent bonds
● Oxygen end (-) charge
● Hydrogen end (+) charge

Hydrogen Bonds

● The negative oxygen end of a water

molecule attracts the positive hydrogen end
of another water molecule forming a
hydrogen bond

● They are weaker than covalent bonds
● Each molecule can form up to 4 hydrogen

bonds

Properties of Water-Solid State

●

When water freezes it expands so it takes up more space as
a solid making its solid state less dense than its liquid state.

●

Prevents bodies of water from freezing from the bottom up

Properties of Water-The Universal Solvent

●

Water can dissolve many substances
because of its polarity

●

The charged ends of the molecule help
ionic substances to dissociate in water

Properties of Water-Cohesion and Adhesion

● Cohesion is water

attracted to water and
creates surface tension

● Adhesion is water sticking

to other surfaces

Properties of Water-High Specific Heat

●

Water has a high specific heat capacity

●

Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise 1
gram of water 1 degree Celsius

●

When heated or cooled much of the energy is used to break
or reform the hydrogen bonds so the temperature changes
slowly

●

Helps to moderate temperature

Multiple Choice

What two elements make up water?

• Helium and oxygen

• Hydrogen and oxygen

• helium and carbon

• oxygen and carbon

Multiple Choice

What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?

• cohesion
• adhesion
• capillary action
• surface tension

Multiple Choice

Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called

• Covalent bonds
• Ionic bonds
• Polar bonds
• Hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

Why does ice float?

• As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
• As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
• As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
• As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.

Multiple Choice

Water is a universal solvent because it...

• It can be found anywhere
• It freezes when it gets cold
• floats when frozen
• Dissolves most substances

Multiple Choice

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

• Water is an acid.
• Water is a versatile solvent.
• Water has a high heat capacity.
•  Water acts as a buffer.

Multiple Choice

When a molecule has an opposite electrical charge on each end, it is known as what?

• cohesion
• polar molecule
• hydrogen bond
• solution

Multiple Choice

When water molecules stick easily to other water molecules, this is called what?

• cohesion
• adhesion
• solution
• polar molecule

Multiple Choice

Water beads up on the surface of a penny because of what property?

• Adhesion
• High Surface Tension
• Universal Solvent
• Changes in Density

Multiple Choice

What is the chemical formula for water?

• H20
• h₂o
• H₂O₂
• H₂O

Multiple Choice

A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?

• Specific heat 
• Surface tension
• Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules 
• Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules

Multiple Choice

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?

• Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
•  Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
• Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
• Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

 Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect? 

• Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas 
•  Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.
• Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions.
•  Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances. 

Multiple Choice

A paperclip floating on water is an example of what property of water?

• capillary action

• surface tension

• universal solvent

• specific heat index

Multiple Choice

Water drops being attracted to each other is an example of ____________.

• capillary action

• adhesion

• specific heat index

• cohesion