Week 2 Review Lesson

​Lesson 2 Review

Atoms, Periodic Table, Genetics

The atom is the building block of all matter.

Made up of proton (+ charge)

neutron (0 charge). Proton and neutron make up the nucleus (+ charge)

Surrounding the nucleus in levels are the electrons (- charge)

Atoms

Atomic theory believes that all matter is made up of single unit called an atom. Over time the looks and discovery of different parts of the atom have been made. Above is the time line showing how the looks have changed.

​atom protons nucleus electrons electron cloud

neutrons electrons electrons are

in levels somewhere

Arrangement of elements in groups and periods. Atomic number of elements increases by 1 as you move left to right. Three types of elements on periodic table.

​

​Periodic Table

Groups are columns numbered 1-18 puts elements together with similar

properties. Reactivity of the elements increases as you go down the group and across the period Right to Left.

The group number tells the number of electrons in outer energy level

1-1, 2-2 , 13-3,14-4, 15-5, 16-6, 17-7, 18 -8

Period are rows that are numbered 1-7. Elements increase in atomic number by 1 as you move left to right.

Groups & Periods

​1 18

2 13 14 15 1617

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

​1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Metals are the largest group of elements on the Periodic Table. Their reactivity increases as you move down the group and Right to Left on the Period.

Group 1 Alkali Metals are the move reactive metal elements on the periodic table.

Metals

Nonmetals

​The nonmetals are located on the far right of the periodic table. These elements do not have the same properties as those of metals. Their reactivity increases as you move from the bottom of the group to top and from left to right on the period. Group 17 Halogens (Salt Makers) are the most unstable nonmetal group and Group 18 Noble Gases are the most stable because their outer shell is naturally filled with 8 electrons.

These elements are located in between metals and nonmetals. They are known as the "stair step" elements. They share properties of both metals and nonmetals.

​

Metalloids

Heat transfers from hot to cold.

Heat will continue to move from one object to another until both or all objects are the same temperature. The greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat will move.

Heat is the total Kinetic and Potential energy in an object very different from temperature. Temperature is the average kinetic energy in an object.

​

Heat Transfer

Chemical changes occur when the chemical composition of an object has been changed to something different and a new substance has been created.

Chemical changes occur daily. If you see smoke, smell an odor, heat released or taken in, bubbles, light, a sound created and more. These are all signs of a chemical change.

In nature we call this chemical weathering.

Physical Change Chemical Changes

​Physical changes only change the appearance of a substance or object and/or its state of matter. The chemical composition of the substance or object has not been changed at all.

In nature we call this physical or mechanical weathering.

Erosion is the moving of earth's surface from one location to another either by wind or water.

Deposition is the depositing of the earth moved by wind or water to another location.

​

Erosion and Depositon

Chemical and Physical Weathering

Chemical weathering causes a change in the

rock when a reaction occurs with the minerals

in the rock and water.

Physical weathering is the breaking of rocks into

smaller pieces by wind or water to another location.

​

Genetics is the passing down of traits from parents to offspring. Traits that are stronger and can appear by themselves or with a smaller trait are called Dominant traits. Those smaller traits (Recessive) only appear when there are 2 of them together.

The Punnett Square is a tool used to predict the outcome of offspring and traits.

Describing a trait using the Dominant and Recessive trait codes is Genotype. We describe the traits as homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous traits only occur when there are 2 dominant or 2 recessive traits showing up at the same time together (DD dd). Heterozygous is when a dominant and recessive trait appear together (Dd)

​Phenotype is the physical description of a trait. G stands for Green and g stands for Yellow

Genetics

​Genotype: 50% are heterozygous Gg 50% are homozygou gg

Phenotype: 50% are Green

50% are Yellow

Multiple Choice

Genetic traits that come out as 50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous are examples of

• genotype

• phenotype

• dominant

• recessive

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of atomic model showing the discovery of the protons.

• Billard Ball

• Chocolate Chip Cooke

• Plum Pudding Model

• Bohr Model

Multiple Choice

An old bicycle has rusty spokes, chain and handles on it. The rust is a sign that the metal on the bicycle has undergone a ______.

• mechanical change

• physical change

• chemical property

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Large amounts of earth being moved from one location to another due to strong winds and/or water.

• Deposition

• Chemical Weathering

• Erosion

• Earthquake

Multiple Choice

Heat transfers from

• cold to cold

• hot to hot

• cold to hot

• hot to cole

Multiple Choice

When earth's surface particles are moved by water and/or wind to another location is known as

• chemical weathering

• chemical change

• physical weathering

• erosion

Multiple Choice

The area on the periodic table that has the most elements and their reactivity increases from the top of the group to the bottom of the group and also as you move from right to left on the period.

• Transitional elements

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

Multiple Choice

New crust is formed every day deep inside the ocean where underwater volcanoes are erupting causing the older sea floor to spread away from the newly formed crust. This is an example of

• divergent boundary

• transform boundary

• convergent boundary

• Ring of Fire

Multiple Choice

The part of the sun that is seen everyday is known as the

• corona

• chromosphere

• photosphere

• atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Christmas lights, flashlights, and handheld games are all examples of a series circuit. A house on the other hand can have the power turned off in one area and still have power in the other areas. This is an example of

• electrical current

• parallel circuit

• block and tackle circuit

• electricity